常导高速磁浮与高速铁路近场噪声对比与分析
Comparison and Analysis of Near Field Noise between High Speed EMS Maglev and High Speed Railway

基于文献数据和现场测试结果，对高速铁路和常导高速磁浮的近场噪声特性及二者垂向声源指向性进行了对比。分析结果表明，由于常导高速磁浮与高速铁路的驱动机理和噪声源组成不同，二者在近场的噪声特性有较大区别。在线路或导轨等高处的近场位置，常导高速磁浮的噪声要小于高速铁路噪声。随着行车速度的提高，磁浮线路车外辐射噪声的主要能量向高频移动，高速磁浮噪声在高频范围内的增加速度要大于高速铁路的增加速度。垂向声源指向性对比结果表明，在高速行车条件下，气动噪声为常导高速磁浮主要声源。
Based on literature data and field test results, the near field noise characteristics and vertical source directivity of high speed railway and high speed electric-magnetic suspension (EMS) maglev are compared. The results show that the near field noise characteristics of high speed EMS maglev and high speed railway are quite different due to their different driving mechanism and noise source composition. In the near field position at the height of the line or guide way, the noise of the high speed maglev is less than that of the high speed railway. With the increase of traffic speed, the main energy of noise radiated outside the maglev line moves to the high frequency, and the increase rate of high speed maglev noise in the high frequency range is greater than that of high-speed railway. The comparison of vertical source directivity shows that aerodynamic noise is the main source of high speed maglev under the condition of high speed driving.