基于Kano模型的新业态从业人员职业伤害保障需求研究——以北京市丰台区外卖骑手为例
Research on Occupational Injury Guarantee Demands of New Business Practitioners Based on Kano Model—Taking Takeaway Riders in Fengtai District, Beijing as an Example

了解新业态从业人员的保障需求是建设与完善职业伤害保障体系的必经之路。本文结合文献归纳出包含工伤保险、商业保险、行业互助、人文关怀的4个职业伤害保障维度，16种保障要素；运用Kano问卷、传统的Kano分析方法、混合类分析方法调查了北京市丰台区外卖骑手的需求属性及次序，发现骑手们有11个期望型保障需求、4个魅力型保障需求和1个无差异型保障需求，其中有2个魅力型保障需求也可归为混合型保障需求；计算各项需求的Better-worse系数和ASC值发现骑手对不同保障的需求次序不一。基于需求属性及优先次序，本文建议通过建立多层次的职业伤害保障体系、重视从业人员的重点保障需求、充分利用数字技术等方式在满足新业态从业人员保障需求的同时完善职业伤害保障体系。
Understanding the protection needs of new business practitioners is the only way which must be passed to build and improve the occupational injury protection system. Based on the literature, this paper summarizes 4 occupational injury protection dimensions including work-related injury insurance, commercial insurance, industry mutual aid, and humanistic care, and 16 types of protection elements; using Kano questionnaires, traditional Kano analysis methods, and mixed analysis methods to investigate Fengtai District, Beijing. Based on the attributes and order of the needs of delivery riders, it is found that the riders have 11 expectations, 4 charismatic guarantees and 1 indifferent guarantee, of which 2 charismatic guarantees can also be classified as mixed guarantees. Calculating the better-worse coefficient and ASC value of each requirement reveals that riders have different requirements for different guarantees. Based on demand attributes and priorities, this paper suggests building a multi-level occupational injury protection system, paying attention to the key protection needs of employees, and making full use of digital technology to improve the occupational injury protection system while meeting the protection needs of employees in new formats.