关于马克思异化理论的两个主要争论问题
Two Major Controversial Issues about Marx’s Theory of Alienation

马克思的异化理论集中阐发于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》，但是，由于该手稿在当时未能公开发表，直到1932年初版，1953年再版，之后，马克思的异化理论才逐渐为人们所认识、理解和阐发，由此也带来了许多围绕马克思的异化理论而展开的相关学术探讨和理论纷争。本文主要从阿尔都塞和亚当·沙夫之间的争论探讨马克思异化理论的两个主要争论问题：一是马克思的异化理论直接诞生于费尔巴哈人本学唯物主义的影响之下，带有明显的人本学痕迹，因此其是否还具有重大理论价值？二是马克思异化理论是否具有连贯性？即马克思建立了科学世界观之后，在后期思想发展中是否全盘抛弃了异化概念及其相关理论？
Marx’s theory of alienation was centrally articulated in “Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844”. However, as the manuscript was not publicly published at the time, it was not until the first edition in 1932 and the reprint in 1953 that Marx’s theory of alienation gradually became known, understood and articulated, and this brought about many related academic discussions and theoretical disputes surrounding Marx’s theory of alienation. This paper focuses on two main contending issues of Marx’s theory of alienation in the light of the debate between Althusser and Adam Schaff: Firstly, does Marx’s theory of alienation still have significant theoretical value as it was born directly under the influence of Feuerbach’s anthropological materialism and bears clear traces of anthropology? Second, is Marx’s theory of alienation coherent? That is, after establishing a scientific worldview, did Marx abandon the concept of alienation and its related theories wholesale in his later intellectual development?