社会认知视角下领导干部——“无错不下”刻板印象的激活、应用及矫正
Leading Cadres from the Perspective of Social Cognition —The Activation, Application and Correction of the “Nothing Wrong” Stereotype

破解领导干部“难下”问题对于推进领导干部能上能下机制的形成具有重要的现实意义，然而除了制度成因，导致领导干部“难下”的更深层原因是公众对领导干部形成“无错不下”的刻板印象。对此，从社会认知视角出发，本文通过构建“激活–应用”框架来解释这种刻板印象的加工机制，发现在激活阶段，公众主要通过社会分类和社会学习机制获得领导干部“无错不下”的刻板图式；而在应用阶段，由于信息资源获取的不足与偏好以及负面的社会动机，导致公众在现实中提取刻板图式；整个刻板印象加工过程中，主要是受情境、信息和主体三类变量的影响。最终，本文认为，矫正公众“无错不下”的刻板印象，从而破除刻板印象威胁现，应该从增加信息资源、改善社会认知生态、恰当使用刻板印象干预策略等路径入手。
It is of great practical significance to crack the problem of “hard to get down” of leading cadres to promote the formation of the mechanism of leading cadres’ ability to get up and down. However, in addition to the system causes, the deeper reason for leading cadres’ “hard to get down” is that the public forms the stereotype of “nothing wrong” of leading cadres. In this regard, from the perspective of social cognition, this paper explains the processing mechanism of such stereotypes by constructing the “activation-application” framework. It is found that in the activation stage, the public mainly obtains the stereotype schema of “nothing wrong” of leading cadres through social classification and social learning mechanism. In the application stage, due to the lack of access to information resources and preference and negative social motivation, the public extracts the stereotype schema in reality. The whole process of stereotype processing is mainly affected by three variables: situation, information and subject. Finally, this paper believes that the correction of the public’s “nothing wrong” stereotype, so as to break the stereotype threat, should be started from increasing information resources, improving the social cognitive ecology, appropriate use of stereotype intervention strategies and other approaches.