占有恢复关系规则体系之论述
Expounding on the Rule System of Possession Restoration Relationship

占有恢复关系规则是调整占有人与权利人这两个主体的体系。从占有人角度来说，有占有人孳息返还义务、损害赔偿义务与费用偿还请求权。该规则体系作为脱离于物上请求权的独立请求权基础，原告可以据此来主张权利。权利人可以请求占有人返还原物及其孳息，对于孳息，恶意占有人须得返还，而善意占有人无须返还。在无权占有期间，占有物毁损、灭失的，恶意占有人与善意他主占有人须对权利人进行损害赔偿，并且恶意占有人适用过错归责原则。《民法典》第459条与第461条是补充的关系，第461条扩大规定了损害赔偿的主体，即善意占有人。但是需要提出的是善意自主占有人并不负损害赔偿义务。另外，占有人享有一定的费用求偿权，恶意占有人可以求偿必要费用，而善意占有人既可以求偿必要费用，又可以求偿有益费用。
The rules of possession restoration relationship are a system of adjusting possessor and right holder. From the perspective of possessor, there are obligations of the possessor returning the fruits and repairing the injury and right of asking for expenses repay. This rule system is an independent claim basis breaking away from petition right on property. And the right holder can claim the right on this basis. The right holder may request the possessor to return the original property and fruits. Malicious possessor should return the fruits and bona fide possessor doesn’t need return the fruits. During the period of unauthorized possession, malicious possessor and bona fide possessor need to compensate the damage of the right holder when the possession is damaged and lost. And malicious possessor is applied to the principle of fault liability. Article 459 and Article 461 of the Civil Code are complement. Article 461 stipulates the subject of compensation for damages, that is bona fide possessor. But it is worth mentioning in particular that bona fide self-possessor is not liable for damages. In addition, the possessor is entitled to a certain right to claim for expenses. Malicious possessor can request for necessary expenses while bona fide possessor can request for both necessary expenses and beneficial expenses.