锦鲤早期雌雄判别的研究
Study on Early Discrimination of Male and Female in Koi Carp

在养殖中，锦鲤雌雄个体之间在生长速度、个体大小、体型颜色等方面有着一定的差距，更早地区别锦鲤雌雄，可增加锦鲤的生产力，降低养殖成本，加快锦鲤产业的发展。本实验主要研究锦鲤早期发育阶段的雌雄辨别方法，通过对锦鲤的雌二醇、睾酮以及卵黄原蛋白进行测定和数据分析，确定最早能够辨别锦鲤幼苗雌雄性别的时间，以及确定哪种指标测定更适合用做锦鲤的雌雄辨别。此实验主要针对体长在10~25 cm，通过外形辨别雌雄比较困难的幼鱼时期。用ELISA试剂检测的方法对锦鲤体内最为活跃的雄性激素睾酮和雌性激素雌二醇进行检测，并对血样中提取的卵黄原蛋白进行检测，实验结果表明，在20公分左右时，用ELISA实验可以准确地鉴定出锦鲤的雌雄。锦鲤在体长为20 cm体重约为100 g时，体内的雌二醇E2含量达到30 ng/L，而睾酮T的含量到70 ng/L处于一个较为平稳的阶段，此时为测量分析性激素的含量辨别雌雄的最佳时期；卵黄原蛋白含量测定的方法不适合鉴别体长20 cm以下的锦鲤，不能用来作为锦鲤早期雌雄鉴别的检测指标。本实验鉴别雌雄的方法适用于锦鲤雌雄鉴别，对提高锦鲤养殖场的经济效益具有一定的价值。
In culture, there is a certain gap between males and females in the growth rate, individual size and body color. The earlier discrimination of males and females will increase the productivity of koi, reduce the cost of breeding and speed up the development of koi industry. In this experiment, the method of dis-crimination of males and females in the early development stage of koi was studied. Through the determination and data analysis of estriol, testosterone and vitellogenin in koi, the earliest time to distinguish the sex between male and female of koi seedlings was determined. And determining which substances are more suitable for discrimination of male and female koi. This experiment is mainly aimed at the fact that by appearance it is difficult to distinguish between male and female juvenile fish at the period of body length 10~20 cm. The most active androgen testosterone and es-trogen in Carpio were detected by ELISA reagent, and the vitellogenin extracted from blood samples was detected. According to the results, male and female koi can be accurately identified by ELISA experiment at about 20 cm. It was found that when the body length of 20 cm and weight of 100 g, the E2 content of estriol in koi reached the maximum of 30 ng/L, while the content of testosterone T was in a relatively stable stage to 70 ng/L, which was the best time to distinguish male and female by measuring and analyzing the content of sex hormone. The determination method of vitellogenin is not suitable for identifying koi sex whose body length is under 20 cm. This method of Distin-guishing male and female is applied to Koi carp and can greatly benefit the economic performance of Koi carp farm.