旅游能促进老年人健康吗？——基于中国老年健康影响因素调查(CLHLS)的经验数据
Can Travel Promote the Health of the Elderly?—Based on the Empirical Data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)

积极应对人口老龄化，发展有益身心健康的适老化产业，事关国家发展和民生福祉。银发旅游日益成为学术界研究的热点，以往研究通常把健康视为老年旅游的限制性因素，但少有探讨旅游对老年人健康的影响。本文使用中国老年健康影响因素调查(CLHLS) 2018年数据，采用有序Probit模型和工具变量法等计量方法，实证分析了旅游与中国老年人健康状况的关系。研究发现：① 外出旅游对老年人身体状态与心理状态有显著正向影响，即旅游能促进老年人的健康状况；② 对于现阶段的老年人而言，旅游仍是一项相对奢侈的活动，近两年来有外出旅游的老年人比例不足16%，平均旅游次数仅约0.515次；③ 相对于80岁以上的高龄老人，旅游对60~80岁老年人健康状况的促进作用更显著；④ 旅游对农村户口、从事农业工作、非独居的老年人健康状况的影响也更为显著。研究结果对于政府和相关企业充分认知旅游对促进老年群体健康水平的作用，从而推动适老性的旅游产品的开发，推动积极老龄社会发展有一定的指导意义。
Actively responding to the aging of the population and developing aging industries that are beneficial to physical and mental health are related to national development and people’s livelihood. Elderly tourism has increasingly become a research hotspot in academia. Previous studies generally regarded health as a restrictive factor for elderly tourism, but few explored the impact of tourism on the health of the elderly. This article uses the 2018 data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and uses the ordered Probit model and the instrumental variable method to empirically analyze the relationship between tourism and the health status of the elderly in China. The results show that: 1) Travel has a significant positive impact on the physical and mental state of the elderly, that is, tourism can promote the health of the elderly; 2) For the elderly at this stage, tourism is still a relatively luxurious activity. In the past two years, less than 16% of the elderly have travelled, and the average number of trips is only about 0.515; 3) Compared with the elderly over 80 years old, tourism promotes the health status of the 60~80 years old more significantly; 4) Tourism has a more significant impact on the health status of elderly people who are registered in rural areas, engaged in agricultural work, and do not live alone. The research results have certain guiding significance for the government and related enterprises to fully understand the role of tourism in promoting the health of the elderly, thereby promoting the development of tourism products suitable for the elderly and promoting the development of an active aging society.