行政诉讼中投诉人原告资格的认定
The Qualification of the Complainant and Plaintiff in Administrative Litigation

随着自由防御性行政法转变为利害调整性行政法，行政机关在解决民事争议过程中也发挥着重要的作用。当受害者遭受非源自国家的侵害时，可以通过投诉的方式请求行政机关介入维权。当投诉人对行政机关处理的结果不满意或者行政机关不作为时可以提起行政诉讼，投诉人是否具有原告资格以及诉讼请求能否被支持的问题由此产生。通过梳理裁判文书，司法裁判存在着对“利害关系”界定的不同、投诉与举报混用以及类案不同判的问题。以消费者投诉权为切入点，在界定投诉权性质的基础上，分析投诉权是否属于行政诉讼法所保护的合法权益、以明确行政法上投诉人原告资格的判定标准。
With the transformation of the free defensive administrative law into the interest adjustment law, the administrative organs in the process of resolving civil disputes also play an important role. When a victim suffers an attack that does not originate from the state, he or she can request the administrative authorities to intervene to protect his or her rights through a complaint. When the complainant is not satisfied with the result of handling by the administrative organ or the administrative organ does not act, he can file an administrative lawsuit. Therefore, the question of whether the complainant has the plaintiff qualification and whether the lawsuit request can be supported arises. Through sorting out the judgment documents, there are problems of different definition of “interest relationship”, mixed use of complaint and report, and different judgment of different cases. Starting from the consumer’s right to complain, on the basis of defining the nature of the right to complain, the paper analyzes whether the right to complain belongs to the legitimate rights and interests protected by the administrative procedure law, so as to clarify the judgment standard of the complainant’s plaintiff’s qualification in the administrative law.