芽孢杆菌属来源产尿酸氧化酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质研究
Screening, Identification and Enzymatic Properties of Urate Oxidase Producing Strain Derived from Bacillus

尿酸氧化酶是一类可将尿酸氧化为尿囊素的酶，在动植物和微生物中普遍存在，但人类及猿类体内并未发现这一类酶，人体内尿酸过高常会引发高尿酸血症、痛风等相关疾病。如今痛风等疾病发病率日渐上升，尿酸氧化酶的研究也备受关注。本研究选取青海省茶卡盐湖样品通过富集培养、筛选纯化等方法获得一株编号为2YHBJ-3产尿酸氧化酶的细菌。经过16S rRNA鉴定，鉴定为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)菌株。该菌株最佳发酵时间为48 h，其所产的酶活力为0.0085 U/mL，最适作用pH为6.6，最适温度为20℃；在温度为15℃~50℃及pH为5.0~8.0范围内，该酶能够保持50%相对活性；Mg²⁺、Fe²⁺能够明显提高其酶活力，Cu²⁺及SDS对其表现出强抑制作用。这预示着该芽孢杆菌属菌株对于尿酸氧化酶的开发利用具有一定潜在价值，为后续的医药开发提供酶力资源。
Uric acid oxidase is a group of enzymes that oxidise uric acid to allantoin. It is commonly found in plants, animals and microorganisms, but is not found in humans or apes. Nowadays, the incidence of gout and other diseases is increasing, and the study of uric acid oxidase has attracted much attention. In this study, a strain of uric acid oxidase-producing bacteria, No. 2YHBJ-3, was obtained by enrichment culture and screening and purification of samples from Chaika Salt Lake in Qinghai Province. After16S rRNA identification, the strain was identified as Bacillus. The optimum fermentation time was 48 h, the enzyme activity was 0.0085 U/mL, the optimum pH was 6.6, and the optimum temperature was 20？C; the enzyme was able to maintain 50% relative activity in the temperature range of 15？C~50？C and pH 5.0~8.0; Mg²⁺ and Fe²⁺ significantly increased its enzyme activity, while Cu²⁺ and SDS showed strong inhibition. This indicates that this strain of Bacillus sp. is potentially valuable for the devel-opment of uric acid oxidase, which can provide enzymatic resources for subsequent pharmaceutical development.