罗尔斯“正义论”的批判、反思与启示——基于马克思政治哲学视角
Critique, Reflection and Insight on Rawls’ Theory of Justice from the Perspective of Marx’s Political Philosophy

正义观是西方社会和当今中国所面临的重大理论问题和社会问题。马克思和罗尔斯从不同的角度分别对正义理论做出了各自的阐释，他们之间既有共识又有分歧。共识在于，他们都立足于现实的社会环境，都致力于消除现代资本主义社会的病状。分歧在于，马克思是从历史唯物主义和现实的社会关系出发来关注现实人们的不平等状况。而罗尔斯则是从逻辑设定的“无知之幕”之后区别原则下引申出正义原则，继而论证平等问题。阐述罗尔斯的正义观，以马克思政治哲学的视角批判罗尔斯正义论，以及汲取他们的理论资源，对当代中国社会良性发展以及构建社会主义和谐社会具有启示和借鉴意义。
The concept of justice is a major theoretical and social issue facing Western societies and China to-day. Marx and Rawls interpreted their theories of justice from different perspectives, and there is both consensus and disagreement between them. The consensus lies in the fact that they are both grounded in the real social environment and are both committed to eliminating the ills of modern capitalist society. The difference lies in the fact that Marx focused on the inequality of people from the perspective of historical materialism and real social relations. Rawls, on the other hand, de-rives the principle of justice from the principle of distinction after the logical setting of the “curtain of ignorance”, and then argues for equality. This study is an exposition of Rawls’ view of justice, a critique of Rawls’ theory of justice from the perspective of Marx’s political philosophy, and a draw-ing on their theoretical resources, which will be of inspiration and reference to the benign devel-opment of contemporary Chinese society and the building of a harmonious socialist society.