哈尼语方位词“上”“下”的语义特征和语法功能
The Semantic Features and Grammatical Functions of the Hani Language Orientation Word “Up” and “Down”

“上”、“下”是哈尼语常见的方位词，文章从语义特征、语法功能以及认知语言角度对哈尼语方位词“上”、“下”进行分析和描写，指出“上”、“下”具有维度性、层次性的认知特点，且能够隐喻投射为时间词、概数词、辈分地位等引申义。
“Up” and “down” is the common orientation word. This paper analyzes and describes the Hani location words “up” and “down” from the perspective of semantic features, grammatical functions and cognitive language. It is pointed out that “up” and “down” have the cognitive characteristics of dimension and level, and can be metaphorically projected into the extended meaning of time words, number words, seniority status and so on.