基于语料库的拜登就职演讲的批评性话语分析
A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis of President Biden’s Inaugural Speech

总统就职演讲属于政治语篇的一种，是新任总统根据国内外政治与经济形势，向民众表明自己的立场和观点而发表的演讲。为了获得民众的支持，演讲语篇中会运用一些语言技巧，而这些语言的背后蕴藏着演讲者的意识形态。批评性话语分析主要研究的就是语言与意识形态之间的关系，可以帮助我们更加系统地了解语篇的深层意义。本文借助语料库工具，以拜登就职演讲为基础自建小型语料库，分别从词汇选择、转换、句子类型、语篇和修辞手段这几个方面进行批评性话语分析。研究结果发现，拜登就职演讲主要以团结为主题，语篇中主要运用的语言策略包括人称代词、情态动词、被动化、名词化、陈述句、暗示信息以及修辞手法。拜登用这些语言技巧来阐明自己的政治立场，即追求民主，强调团结，反对政治极端主义和种族主义等。
The president’s inaugural speech is a kind of political discourse. It is a speech made by the new president to express his position and views to the public based on the domestic and international political and economic situation. In order to win the support of the public, some language skills are used in the discourse, and behind the language is the ideology of the speaker. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) mainly studies the relationship between language and ideology, which can help us to understand the deep meaning of discourse more systematically. With the help of corpus tools, this paper builds a small corpus based on Biden’s inaugural speech, and carries out CDA from the aspects of word selection, transformation, sentence types, discourse and rhetorical devices. The results show that the main theme of Biden’s inaugural speech is unity, and the main language skills used in the discourse include personal pronouns, modal verbs, passivity, nominalization, declarative sentences, implicit messages and rhetorical devices. Biden used these language skills to illustrate his political position, which is to pursue democracy, emphasize unity, and oppose political extremism and racism.