The intermittent nature of wind and solar
photovoltaic energy systems leads to the fluctuation of power generated due to
the fact that the power output is highly dependent upon local weather
conditions, which results to the load shading issue that led to the
voltage and frequency instability. In additional to that, the high proportions
of erratic renewable energy sources can lead to erratic frequency changes which
affect the grid stability. In order to reduce this effect, the energy storage
system is commonly used in most wind-solar energy systems to balance the
voltage and frequency instability during load variations. One of the innovative
energy storage systems is the compressed air energy storage system (CAES) for
wind and solar hybrid energy system and this technology is the key focus in
this research study. The aim of this research was to examine the system
configuration of the CAES system through modelling and experimental approach
with PID controller design for regulating the voltage and frequency under
different load conditions. The essential elements and the entire system have
been presented in this work as thorough modelling in the MATLAB/Simulink
environment for different load conditions. The developed model was tested
through an experimental workbench using the developed prototype of the
compressed air storage in the Siemens Lab at DeKUT and explored the
consequence of the working parameters on the system proficiency and the model
accuracy. The performanceof the system for the developed prototype of CAES
system was validated using results from an experimental workbench with
MATLAB/Simulink R2022b simulation. The modeling and experimental results, shows
that the frequency fluctuation and voltage drop of the developed CAES system during
load variations was governed by the I/P converter using a PID_Compact
controller programed in the TIA Portal V17 software and downloaded into PLC S7
1200. Based on these results, the model can be applied as a basis for the
performance assessment of the compressed air energy storage system so as to be
included in current technology of wind and solar hybrid energy systems.
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