Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors associated with the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) at the National University Hospital Center-Hubert Koutoukou MAGA (CNHU-HKM). Patients and method: this was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collection. It was carried out over a three-month period from July 10 to October 10, 2019. It concerned all patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and who consulted in the Endocrinology department during the study period. Results: the frequency of diabetic retinopathy was 30.46% (53/174 patients). A female predominance was observed with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.57. The main modifiable risk factors were represented by occupation and those that were not modifiable were represented by the presence of old nephropathy, glycated hemoglobin, age of discovery of diabetes and its length of service. Diabetic retinopathy is a serious condition that can ultimately lead to blindness. The frequency of DR remains high in our study.
References
[1]
Raverot, G. (2005) Diabète sucré de types 1 et 2 de l’enfant et de l’adulte. Institut La Conférence Hippocrate, Suresnes.
[2]
Ogurtsova, K., da Rocha Fernandes, J.D., Huang, Y., Linnenkamp, U., Guariguata, L., Cho, N.H., et al. (2017) IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global Estimates for the Prevalence of Diabetes for 2015 and 2040. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 128, 40-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2017.03.024
[3]
Sidibe, E. (2000) Rétinopathie diabétique à Dakar et revue de la littérature africaine. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 26, 322-324.
[4]
Ridouane, S., Ouhdouch, F. and Diouri, A. (2009) P20 Profil épidémiologique, clinique, thérapeutique et évolutif de la rétinopathie diabétique à Marrakech. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 35, A33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1262-3636(09)71818-X
[5]
Haute Autorité de Santé (2010) Dépistage de la rétinopathie diabétique par lecture différée de photographies du fond d’œil. HAS, Saint-Denis.
[6]
Nwosu, S.N.N. (2000) Diabetic Retinopathy in Nnewi, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology, 8, 7-10. https://doi.org/10.4314/njo.v8i1.11922
[7]
Tchabi, S., Assavedo, R., Affo, Y., Boni, S. and Doutetien, C. (2012) Biochemistry’s Risks Factors on the Appearance of Diabetic Retinopathy in the Ophthalmology Department Hospital Center of Borgou, Benin. Revue de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 2, 137-142.
[8]
Abouki, C., Alamou, S., Wanvoegbe, A., Gbegnon, G., Amoussou-Guenou, D., Sounouvou, I., et al. (2016) Aspects épidémiologiques de la rétinopathie diabétique au CHUD/OP de Porto-novo. Cahiers du CBRST, No. 10, 80-88.
[9]
Kouassi, F.X., Koman, C.E., Kra, A.N.S., Soumahoro, M., Sowagnon, T.Y.C. and N’dohi, R. (2018) Epidemiological Features of Diabetic Retinopathy in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire): A Study about 448 Patients. The Open Ophthalmology Journal, 8, 140-149. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojoph.2018.83018
[10]
Diallo, J., Dolo, M., Sanou, J., Yoda, A., Ahnoux-Zabsonré, A. and Méda, N. (2019) Que savons-nous de la rétinopathie diabétique au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso (CHUSS)? Journal Français d’Ophtalmologie, 42, 361-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfo.2018.11.002
[11]
Rajaona, R.A., Volamarina, R.F., Andriamahenina, A.M., Raobela, L., Bernardin, P. and Andriantsoa, V. (2016) Aspect épidémiologique de la rétinopathie diabétique, étude bicentrique à Antananarivo (Madagascar), à propos de 158 cas. Journal Français d’Ophtalmologie, 39, e137-e138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfo.2015.11.012
[12]
Magulike, N.O., Chuka-Okosa, C.M. and Oli, J.M. (2003) Diabetic Eye Disease in Enugu South-Eastern Nigeria—A Preliminary Report. Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology, 11, 30-33. https://doi.org/10.4314/njo.v11i1.11895
[13]
Omolase, C.O., Adekanle, O., Owoeye, J.F.A. and Omolase, B.O. (2010) Diabetic Retinopathy in a Nigerian Community. Singapore Medical Journal, 51, 56-59.
[14]
Assavedo, A., Codjo, L., Alassani, A., Adoukonou, T., Codjo, P., Monteiro, S., et al. (2016) Risk Factors of Retinopathy among Diabetic’s Patients in Benin in 2014. Journal of Ophthalmology & Clinical Research, 3, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.24966/OCR-8887/100025
[15]
Maammar, F., Snoussaoui, Y., Benhedji, F., Benbekhti, S., Seddiki, A., Bensalah, O., et al. (2014) P247 Facteurs de risque de la rétinopathie diabétique à Tlemcen. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 40, A86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1262-3636(14)72538-8
[16]
Djagadou, K.A., Balaka, A., Tchamdja, T., Nemi, K.D., Dadjo, S., Tambourou, E., et al. (2017) Diabete chez le sujet agé au Togo. Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l’Université de Lomé, 19, 363-367.
[17]
Cui, Y., Zhang, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Kuang, J., Zhang, G., et al. (2019) Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in a Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study from Rural Southern China: Dongguan Eye Study. BMJ Open, 9, e023586. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023586
[18]
Ben Ahmed, I., Houes Rehaiem, K., Tounsi, H., Amri, R., Azzabi, S., Ben Ammou, B., et al. (2016) étude épidémiologique descriptive des diabétiques de type 1 dans la région de Nabeul en Tunisie. Annales d’Endocrinologie, 77, 498-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2016.07.746
[19]
Pirie, F.J., Maharaj, S., Esterhuizen, T.M., Paruk, I.M. and Motala, A.A. (2014) Retinopathy in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes at a Tertiary Diabetes Clinic in Durban, South Africa: Clinical, Biochemical and Genetic Factors. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology, 1, e9-e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2013.12.002
[20]
Giraneza, R. and Semanyenzi, S. (2012) Risk Factors and Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Adult Diabetic Patients Consulting at Kigali University Teaching Hospital. Rwanda Medical Journal, 70, 14-19.
[21]
He, B.-B., Wei, L., Gu, Y.-J., Han, J.-F., Li, M., Liu, Y.-X., et al. (2012) Factors Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2012, Article ID: 157940. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/157940
[22]
Rasoulinejad, A., Hajian-Tilaki, K. and Mehdipour, E. (2015) Associated Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients That Referred to Teaching Hospitals in Babol. Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine, 6, 224-228.
[23]
Djrolo, F., Paraïso, N.M., Diarra, O. and Makoutode, M. (2014) Diabetes Complications and Associated Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Cotonou. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 4, 311-315. https://doi.org/10.4236/jdm.2014.44043
[24]
López, M., Cos, F.X., álvarez-Guisasola, F. and Fuster, E. (2017) Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Relationship with Glomerular Filtration Rate and Other Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology, 9, 61-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2017.07.004
[25]
Berkia, I., Gharbi, M.E.H., Chraïbi, A. and Iraqi, H. (2014) La microalbuminurie: S’agit-il d’un facteur de risque épidémiologique de la rétinopathie diabétique (à propos de 79 cas). Annales d’Endocrinologie, 75, 374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2014.07.347
[26]
Chaine, G. and Massin, P. (2000) Rétinopathie diabétique. Dans: Ophtalmologie. Inter Med, Paris, 207-216.
[27]
Andaloussi, Z., Rezzoug, B., Loudghiri, M., Jennane, N., Hajji, Z., Boulanouar, A., et al. (2015) Prévalence de la rétinopathie diabétique et facteurs de risque associés dans la région de Rabat. Journal de la Société Marocaine d’Ophtalmologie, No. 24, 10-14.
[28]
Mallika, P., Lee, P., Cheah, W., Wong, J., Syed Alwi, S., Nor Hayati, H., et al. (2011) Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetics Screened Using Fundus Photography at a Primary Health Care Setting in East Malaysia. Malaysian Family Physician, 6, 60-65.
[29]
Ahmed, R.A., Khalil, S.N. and Al-Qahtani, M.A.A. (2016) Diabetic Retinopathy and the Associated Risk Factors in Diabetes Type 2 Patients in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 23, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.172225
[30]
De Médeiros-Quénum, M.D., Ndiaye, P.A., Cissé, A., Wane, A., Diop, S.N., Ndoye-Roth, P.A., et al. (2003) Aspects épidémiologiques et angiofluorographiques de la rétinopathie diabétique au Sénégal. Journal Français d’Ophtalmologie, 26, 160-163.
