In this study, 22 leaf samples of 22 Lilieae species were collected in
six Province at 90 - 3740 m
to study the variations of leaf characteristics with altitude change. The
Qualitative character of leaf epidermis and two stomatal indexes, viz. stomatal
area (SA), stomatal index (SI), were
analyzed in laboratory. The results show that: 1) the shape of the leaf
epidermis cells and the pattern of the anticlinal walls provide some useful
taxonomic information to distinguish the genus, however, none of the stable
traits are exclusive to a genus; 2) there are
significant or even very significant linear correlations between the two indexes and altitude, of which SA exhibit a negative correlation with altitude
(r2 = 0.294, p = 0.009), while SI exhibit a positive
correlation with altitude (r2 = -0.254, p = 0.017). As
a result, the pattern of leaf cells and anticlinal walls is influenced by
genetic factors, while the stomatal area and stomatal index are influenced by
environmental factors. Members of the tribe Lilieae have a relatively stable
elevation range, which is related to their long-term adaptation to the local
environment in the structure of their leaf epidermis.
References
[1]
Casson, S. and Gray, J.E. (2008) Influence of Environmental Factors on Stomatal Development. New Phytologist, 178, 9-23.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02351.x
[2]
Casson, S.A. and Hetherington, A.M. (2010) Environmental Regulation of Stomatal Development. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 13, 90-95.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2009.08.005
[3]
Hetherington, A.M. and Woodward, F.I. (2003) The Role of Stomata in Sensing and Driving Environmental Change. Nature, 424, 901-908.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01843
[4]
He, N.P., Liu, C.C., Tian, M., Li, M., Yang, H., Yu, G.R., Guo, D.L., Smith, M.D., Yu, Q. and Hou, J.H. (2018) Variation in Leaf Anatomical Traits from Tropical to Cold-Temperate Forests and Linkage to Ecosystem Functions. Functional Ecology, 32, 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12934
[5]
Bhat, K., Nawchoo, I.N. and Ganai, B.A. (2015) Altitudinal Variation in Some Phytochemical Constituents and Stomatal Traits of Primula denticulata. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research, 1, 93-101.
https://doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v1i2.1792
[6]
Hovenden, M.J. and Schimanski, L.J. (2000) Genotypic Differences in Growth and Stomatal Morphology of Southern Beech, Nothofagus Cunninghamii, Exposed to Depleted Co2 Concentrations. Functional Plant Biology, 27, 281-287.
https://doi.org/10.1071/PP99195
[7]
Takhtajan, A. (2009) Liliaceae. In: Takhtajan, A., Ed., Flowering Plants, Springer, New York, 634-634. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9609-9
[8]
Tamura, M.N. (1998) Liliaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., Ed., The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Springer, Berlin, 343-353.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03533-7_41
[9]
Chen, X.Q., Liang, S.Y., Xu, J.M. and Tamura, M.N. (2000) Flora of China. Science Press, Beijing, 73-263.
[10]
Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission (2020) Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China. China Medical Science Press, Beijing, 38-363.
[11]
Woodcock, H.B.D. and Stearn, W.T. (1950) Lilies of the World: Their Cultivation and Classification. Country Life Limited, London.
[12]
Wang, X.F., Li, R.Y., Li, X.Z., Ma, F.J., Sun, B.N., Wu, J.Y. and Wang, Y.K. (2014) Variations in Leaf Characteristics of Three Species of Angiosperms with Changing of Altitude in Qilian Mountains and Their Inland High-Altitude Pattern. Science China Earth Sciences, 57, 662-670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-013-4766-3
[13]
Dilcher, D.L. (1974) Approaches to the Identification of Angiosperm Leaf Remains. The Botanical Review, 40, 1-157. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860067
[14]
Wang, Y.F. and Tao, J.R. (1991) An Introduction to a New System of Terminology for Plant Cuticular Analysis. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 8, 6-13.
[15]
Panteris, E. and Galatis, B. (2005) The Morphogenesis of Lobed Plant Cells in the Mesophyll and Epidermis: Organization and Distinct Roles of Cortical Microtubules and Actin Filaments. New Phytologist, 167, 721-732.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01464.x
[16]
Stenglein, S.A., Arambarri, A.M., del Carmen Menendez Sevillano, M. and Balatti, P.A. (2005) Leaf Epidermal Characters Related with Plant’s Passive Resistance to Pathogens Vary among Accessions of Wild Beans Phaseolus vulgaris Var. Aborigineus (Leguminosae-Phaseoleae). Flora, 200, 285-295.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2005.01.004
[17]
Yumin County Government (2022) Climatic Characteristics of Yumin County.
[18]
Körner, C. (2007) The Use of “Altitude” in Ecological Research. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 22, 569-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.006
[19]
Xu, Z.Z., Zhou, G.S. and Wang, Y.H. (2007) Combined Effects of Elevated Co2 and Soil Drought on Carbon and Nitrogen Allocation of the Desert Shrub Caragana Intermedia. Plant and Soil, 301, 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9424-0
[20]
Gao, C.J., Xia, X.J., Shi, K., Zhou, Y.H. and Yu, J.Q. (2012) Response of Stomata to Global Climate Changes and the Underlying Regulation Mechanism of Stress Responses. Plant Physiology Journal, 48, 19-28.
[21]
Aasamaa, K. and Sõber, A. (2001) Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Sensitivity to Changes of Leaf Water Status in Six Deciduous Tree Species. Biologia Plantarum, 44, 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017970304768
