When D: E→Fis a linear differential operator of order q between the sections of vector bundles over a manifold X of dimension n, it is defined by a bundle map Φ: Jq(E) →F=F0 that may depend, explicitly or implicitly, on constant parameters a, b, c, ... . A “direct problem” is to find the generating compatibility conditions (CC) in the form of an operator D1: F0→F1. When D is involutive, that is when the corresponding system Rq = ker (Φ) is involutive, this procedure provides successive first order involutive operators D1, ..., Dn. Though D1οD = 0 implies ad (D) οad(D1) = 0 by taking the respective adjoint operators, then ad (D) may not generate the CC of ad (D1) and measuring such “gaps” led to introduce extension modules in differential homological algebra. They may also depend on the parameters and such a situation is well known in ordinary or partial control theory. When Rq is not involutive, a standard prolongation/projection (PP) procedure allows in general to find integers r, s such that the image of the projection at order q+r of the
References
[1]
Pommaret, J.-F. (1978) Systems of Partial Differential Equations and Lie Pseudogroups. Gordon and Breach, New York. (Russian Translation: MIR, Moscow, 1983)
[2]
Pommaret, J.-F. (1983) Differential Galois Theory. Gordon and Breach, New York.
[3]
Pommaret, J.-F. (1994) Partial Differential Equations and Group Theory. Kluwer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2539-2
[4]
Pommaret, J.-F. (2001) Partial Differential Control Theory. Kluwer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0854-9
[5]
Pommaret, J.-F. (2005) Chapter 5. Algebraic Analysis of Control Systems Defined by Partial Differential Equations. In: Advanced Topics in Control Systems Theory, Springer, Berlin, Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences 311, 155-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/11334774_5
[6]
Pommaret, J.-F. (2016) Deformation Theory of Algebraic and Geometric Structures. Lambert Academic Publisher (LAP), Saarbrucken.
[7]
Pommaret, J.-F. (2018) New Mathematical Methods for Physics. Mathematical Physics Books, Nova Science Publishers, New York, 150 p.
[8]
Pommaret, J.-F. (2013) Journal of Modern Physics, 4, 223-239. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2013.48A022
[9]
Pommaret, J.-F. (2018) Journal of Modern Physics, 9, 1970-2007. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2018.910125
[10]
Pommaret, J.-F. (2020) Journal of Modern Physics, 11, 1672-1710. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2020.1110104
[11]
Pommaret, J.-F. (2022) Journal of Modern Physics, 13, 620-670. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2022.134036
[12]
Aksteiner, S. andersson L., Backdahl, T., Khavkine, I. and Whiting, B. (2021) Communications in Mathematical Physics, 384, 1585-1614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-021-04078-y
[13]
Aksteiner, S. and Backdahl, T. (2018) Physical Review Letters, 121, Article ID: 051104. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051104
[14]
Aksteiner, S. and Backdahl, T. (2019) Physical Review D, 99, Article ID: 044043. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.044043
[15]
Andersson, L., Häfner, D. and Whiting, B. (2022) Mode Analysis for the Linearized Einstein Equations on the Kerr Metric: The Large a Case.
[16]
Pommaret, J.-F. (2021) Journal of Modern Physics, 12, 829-858. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2021.126053
[17]
Rotman, J.J. (1979) An Introduction to Homological Algebra (Pure and Applied Mathematics). Academic Press, Cambridge.
[18]
Vessiot, E. (1903) Annales Scientifiques de l’école normale Supérieure, 20, 411-451. http://numdam.org https://doi.org/10.24033/asens.529