Urban tree inventory is a great tool for gathering data that can be used
by different end users. This study attempted
to chart the species diversity in planted areas and measure their tree
diameter at breast height to screen them for the carbon storage potential. A
total of 2860 trees belonging to 36 species were recorded in the planted
vegetation in parks and avenue plantation. The dominant species were Azadirachta indicia (25.5%), Conocarpus
erectus (19.2%), Ficus spp. (15.5%), Tabebuia rosea (9.2%), Peitophorum pterocarpum (9.0%) and
the remaining represents (21.6%) of the tree identified in this study. It was found that the highest
contribution of carbon sequestration (CO2equivalent) is dominated by the Ficus spp. (30.3%) with a total of 3399.3 tCO2eq,
followed by Azadirachta indicia (25.4%) with
a total of 2845.2 tCO2eq and Conocarpus
erectus (20.4%) with a total of 2286 tCO2eq.
The entire area has the capability to sequester around 11,213.3 tCO2eq
and on average of 3.9 ± 0.1 tCO2eq. In accordance with the findings,
it is imperative for the preservation of a sustainable environment to have
vegetation that has the capacity to store carbon. The study suggests, there is
potential to increase carbon sequestration in urban cities through plantation
programs on existing and new land uses and along roads.
References
[1]
Adeyemi, A. A. (2016). Site Quality Assessment and Allometric Models for Tree Species in the Oban Forest, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 35, 280-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2016.1168306
[2]
Ajani, A., & Shams, Z. I. (2016). Comparative Status of Sequestered Carbon Stock of Azadirachta indica and Conocarpus erectus at the University of Karachi Campus, Pakistan. International Journal of Environment, 5, 89-97. https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v5i2.15009
[3]
Al-Ghafri, A. A., Gunawardhana, L., & Rawas, G. A. (2014). An Assessment of Temperature and Precipitation Change Projections in Muscat, Oman from Recent Global Climate Model Simulations. International Journal of Students’ Research in Technology & Management, 2, 109-112. https://mgesjournals.com/ijsrtm/article/view/120
[4]
Ali, A., Ashraf, M. I., Gulzar, S., & Akmal, M. (2020). Estimation of Forest Carbon Stocks in Temperate and Subtropical Mountain Systems of Pakistan: Implications for REDD+ and Climate Change Mitigation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192, Article No. 198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-8157-x
[5]
Al-Nadabi, A. S., & Sulaiman, H. (2021). Carbon Sequestration Service of a Ramsar Site: A Conservation-Role Model for Defying Developmental Pressure in the Middle of a Rapidly Expanding City. Open Journal of Forestry, 11, 381-397. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2021.114023
[6]
Al-Rasbi, H., & Gadi, M. (2021). Energy Modelling of Traditional and Contemporary Mosque Buildings in Oman.
Buildings, 11, Article 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11070314
[7]
Amiri, A., Ottelin, J., Sorvari, J., & Junnila, S. (2020). Cities as Carbon Sinks—Classification of Wooden Buildings. Environmental Research Letters, 15, Article ID: 094076. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aba134
[8]
Amoatey, P., & Sulaiman, H. (2019). Quantifying Carbon Storage Potential of Urban Plantations and Landscapes in Muscat, Oman. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22, 7969-7984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00556-5
[9]
Bijalwan, A., Swamy, S. L., Sharma, C. M., Sharma, N. K., & Tiwari, A. K. (2010). Land-Use, Biomass and Carbon Estimation in Dry Tropical Forest of Chhattisgarh Region in India Using Satellite Remote Sensing and GIS. Journal of Forestry Research, 21, 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-010-0026-y
[10]
Brown, S., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1997). Estimating Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests: A Primer. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
[11]
Cairns, M. A., Brown, S., Helmer, E. H., & Baumgardner, G. A. (1997). Root Biomass Allocation in the World’s Upland Forests. Oecologia, 111, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050201
[12]
Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) (2020). Directorate General of Meteorology, Research and Meteorological Development, Sultanate of Oman, Personally Collected Data in May 2, 2020.
[13]
Dangulla, M., Abd Manaf, L., Ramli, M. F., Yacob, M. R., & Namadi, S. (2021). Exploring Urban Tree Diversity and Carbon Stocks in Zaria Metropolis, North Western Nigeria. Applied Geography, 127, Article ID: 102385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102385
[14]
Dimoudi, A., & Nikolopoulou, M. (2003). Vegetation in the Urban Environment: Microclimatic Analysis and Benefits. Energy and Buildings, 35, 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00081-6
[15]
Ekoungoulou, R., Nzala, D., Liu, X., & Niu, S. (2018). Tree Biomass Estimation in Central African Forests Using Allometric Models. Open Journal of Ecology, 8, 209-237. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2018.83014
[16]
Eneji, I. S., Obinna, O., & Azua, E. T. (2014). Sequestration and Carbon Storage Potential of Tropical Forest Reserve and Tree Species Located within Benue State of Nigeria. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2, 157-166. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2014.22022
[17]
Fan, J., Zhong, H., Harris, W., Yu, G., Wang, S., Hu, Z., & Yue, Y. (2007). Carbon Storage in the Grasslands of China Based on Field Measurements of Above- and Below-Ground Biomass. Climatic Change, 86, 375-396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9316-6
[18]
Gallagher, F. J., Pechmann, I., Holzapfel, C., & Grabosky, J. (2011). Altered Vegetative Assemblage Trajectories within an Urban Brownfield. Environmental Pollution, 159, 1159-1166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.007
[19]
Getnet, D., & Negash, M. (2021). Allometric Equations for Estimating Aboveground Biomass of Khat (Catha edulis)-Stimulate Grown in Agroforestry of Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia. Heliyon, 7, e05839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05839
[20]
King, V. J., & Davis, C. (2007). A Case Study of Urban Heat Islands in the Carolinas. Environmental Hazards, 7, 353-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envhaz.2007.09.005
[21]
Klobucar, B., Stberg, J., Jansson, M., Randrup, T. B. (2020). Long-Term Validation and Governance Role in Contemporary Urban Tree Monitoring: A Review. Sustainability, 12, Article 5589. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145589
[22]
Lahoti, S., Lahoti, A., Joshi, R. K., & Saito, O. (2020). Vegetation Structure, Species Composition, and Carbon Sink Potential of Urban Green Spaces in Nagpur City, India. Land, 9, Article 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9040107
[23]
McPherson, E. G., Nowak, D., Heisler, G., Grimmond, S., Souch, C., Grant, R., & Rowntree, R. (1997). Quantifying Urban Forest Structure, Function, and Value: The Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project. Urban Ecosystems, 1, 49-61. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014350822458
[24]
Mcpherson, E. G., van Doorn, N., & de Goede, J. (2016). Structure, Function and Value of Street Trees in California, USA. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 17, 104-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.03.013
[25]
Miah, M. D., Islam, K. N., Kabir, M. H., & Koike, M. (2020). Allometric Models for Estimating Aboveground Biomass of Selected Homestead Tree Species in the Plain Land Narsingdi District of Bangladesh. Trees, Forests and People, 2, Article ID: 100035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2020.100035
[26]
Miller, R. W., Hauer, R. J., & Werner, L. P. (2015). Urban Forestry: Planning and Managing Urban Greenspaces. Waveland Press.
[27]
Mngadi, M., Odindi, J., & Mutanga, O. (2021). The Utility of Sentinel-2 Spectral Data in Quantifying Above-Ground Carbon Stock in an Urban Reforested Landscape. Remote Sensing, 13, Article 4281. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214281
[28]
Morgenroth, J., & Östberg, J. (2017). Measuring and Monitoring Urban Trees and Urban Forests. In F. Ferrini, C. C. Konijnendijk, & A. Fini (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Urban Forestry (pp. 33-48). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315627106-3
[29]
Nowak, D. J., Crane, D. E., & Stevens, J. C. (2006). Air Pollution Removal by Urban Trees and Shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 4, 115-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2006.01.007
[30]
Nowak, D. J., Noble, M. H., Sisinni, S. M., & Dwyer, J. F. (2001). People & Trees—Assessing the US Urban Forest Resource. Journal of Forestry, 99, 37-42.
[31]
Östberg, J. (2013). Tree Inventories in the Urban Environment—Methodological Development and New Applications. Doctoral Thesis No. 2013:29, Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae.
[32]
Raupp, M. J., Cumming, A. B., & Raupp, E. C. (2006). Street Tree Diversity in Eastern North America and Its Potential for Tree Loss to Exotic Borers. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, 32, 297-304. https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2006.038
[33]
Sæbø, A., & Mortensen, L. M. (1996). Growth, Morphology and Yield of Wheat, Barley and Oats Grown at Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration in a Cool, Maritime Climate. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 57, 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(95)01009-2
[34]
Sæbø, A., Popek, R., Nawrot, B., Hanslin, H. M., Gawronska, H., & Gawronski, S. W. (2012). Plant Species Differences in Particulate Matter Accumulation on Leaf Surfaces. Science of the Total Environment, 427-428, 347-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.084
[35]
Sharma, R., Pradhan, L., Kumari, M., & Bhattacharya, P. (2020). Assessment of Carbon Sequestration Potential of Tree Species in Amity University Campus Noida. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 3, Article 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECF2020-08075
[36]
Shen, G., Wang, Z., Liu, C., & Han, Y. (2020). Mapping Aboveground Biomass and Carbon in Shanghai’s Urban Forest Using Landsat ETM+ and Inventory Data. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 51, Article ID: 126655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126655
[37]
Sjöman, H., Östberg, J., & Bühler, O. (2012). Diversity and Distribution of the Urban Tree Population in Ten Major Nordic Cities. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 11, 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2011.09.004
[38]
Snehlata, Rajlaxmi, A., & Kumar, M. (2021). Urban Tree Carbon Density and CO2 Equivalent of National Zoological Park, Delhi. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193, Article No. 841. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09619-5
[39]
Soulé, M., Kyereh, B., Kuyah, S., Tougiani, A., & Saadou, M. (2021). Azadirachta indica A. Juss. a Multi-Purpose Tree as a Leading Species in Carbon Stocking in Two Sahelian Cities of Niger. Urban Ecosystems, 25, 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-021-01130-6
[40]
Tang, Y., Chen, A., & Zhao, S. (2016). Carbon Storage and Sequestration of Urban Street Trees in Beijing, China. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 4, Article 53. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2016.00053
[41]
Yao, Z., Liu, J., Zhao, X., Long, D., & Wang, L. (2015). Spatial Dynamics of Aboveground Carbon Stock in Urban Green Space: A Case Study of Xi’an, China. Journal of Arid Land, 7, 350-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-014-0082-9
[42]
Yilma, G., & Derero, A. (2020). Carbon Stock and Woody Species Diversity Patterns in Church Forests along Church Age Gradient in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Urban Ecosystems, 23, 971-983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-020-00961-z
[43]
Yokohari, M., Brown, R. D., Kato, Y., & Yamamoto, S. (2001). The Cooling Effect of Paddy Fields on Summertime Air Temperature in Residential Tokyo, Japan. Landscape and Urban Planning, 53, 17-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00123-7
[44]
Zhang, D., Zheng, H., He, X., Ren, Z., Zhai, C., Yu, X., Mao, Z., & Wang, P. (2015). Effects of Forest Type and Urbanization on Species Composition and Diversity of Urban Forest in Changchun, Northeast China. Urban Ecosystems, 19, 455-473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-015-0473-5
[45]
Zubair, M., Yasin, G., Qazlbash, S. K., Ul Haq, A., Jamil, A., Yaseen, M., Rahman, S. U., & Guo, W. (2022). Carbon Sequestration by Native Tree Species around the Industrial Areas of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Land, 11, Article 1577. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11091577