A comparative analysis
of typomorphic features of gold placers and indigenous sources of gold was
carried out for the Glukharinsky ore-placer node (the Nadezhda deposit and
Glukharinskoye, Tyomnoye, and Tyi-Jurye ore occurrences). A correlation between
fineness of placer native gold and composition of relic minerals preserved inside gold particles was obtained for the
first time. This made it possible to establish mineral parageneses of native
gold from potential indigenous sources. The study of placer gold
fineness in combination with com-position of
mineral inclusions allowed us to identify seven types of gold paragenesis:
petzite-hessite with a fineness of 855‰, pyrite-polybasite-galena (a fineness
of 670‰), bismuth telluride (900‰), cosalite-vikingite (790‰), galena
(870‰), glaucodot (950‰), and hydrohematite (840‰). It was also shown that the
placer contains the material from ore occurrences of different formation: gold-quartz-porphyry occurrences in
granitoids (Au-Te-Bi type) and gold-silver occurrences. The method
developed by us allows one to estimate the percentage of each ore source in
placer formation.
References
[1]
Nikolaeva, L.A., Gavrilov, A.M., Nekrasova, A.N., Yablokova, S.V., Pozdnyakova, N.N. and Shatilova, L.V. (2021) Typomorphism of Native Gold. Guidelines for Exploration Work. TsNIGRI, Moscow, 85 р.
[2]
Petrovskaya, N.V. (1973) Native Gold. Nauka, Moscow, 345 p.
[3]
Nikiforova, Z.S., Gerasimov, B.B., Glushkova, E.G. and Kazenkina, A.G. (2013) Gold Content of the East of the Siberian Platform (Placers—Root Sources). Geology of Ore Deposits, 55, 305-319. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701513040065
[4]
Nikiforova, Z.S., Gerasimov, B.B. and Tulaeva, E.G. (2008) Genesis of Gold-Bearing Placers in the Eastern Siberian Platform. In: Fluvial Palaeo-Systems: Evolution and Mineral Deposits, Project IGCP-514, Moscow, 73-83.
[5]
Nikiforova, Z.S. and Surnin, A.A. (2001) To the Problem of Placer Gold Content of the Middle Lena. Domestic. Geology. No. 5, 70-72.
[6]
Savva, N.E., Shilyaeva, N.A. and Alevskaya, N.L. (2004) Topomineralogy of Constitutional Features of Native Gold of the Nizhny Amur Placer Region. NEISRI FEB RAS, Magadan, 173 p.
[7]
Kalinin, Y.A., Palyanova, G.A., Naumov, E.A., Kovalev, K.R. and Pirajno, F. (2019) Supergene Remobilization of Au in Au-Bearing Regolith Related to Orogenic Deposits: A Case Study from Kazakhstan. Ore Geology Reviews, 109, 358-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.04.019
[8]
Savva, N.E. and Preis, V.K. (1990) Atlas of Native Gold. Nauka, Moscow, 292 p. (In Russian)
[9]
Knight, J.B., Mortensen, J.K. and Morison, S.R. (1994) Shape and Composition of Lode and Placer Gold from Klondike District, Yukon, Canada. Exploration and Geological Services Division, Yukon Region: Bull. 3. Canada. 142.
[10]
Mustart, D.A. (1965) A Spectrographic and Mineralographic Investigation of Alluvial Gold from the Central Yukon. Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 46 p.
[11]
Knight, J.B., Mortensen, J.K. and Morison, S.R. (1999) Lode and Placer Gold Composition in the Klondike District Yukon Territory, Canada, Implications for the Nature and Genesis of Klondike Placer and Lode Gold. Economic Geology, 94, 649-664. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.94.5.649
[12]
LeBarge, W. and Naumov, V.A. (2008) New Results on the Stratigraphy and Placer Gold Potential of Central Yukon. Yukon Exploration and Geolgy. 1-13.
[13]
Mc Coy, D., Newberry, R.J. and Layer, P. (1997) Plutonic-Related Gold Deposits of Interior Alaska. In: Goldfarb, R.J. and Miller, L.D., Eds., Mineral Deposits of Alaska, Economic Geology Monograph 9, Economic Geology Publishing Company, Littleton, 191-241. https://doi.org/10.5382/Mono.09.08
[14]
Hart, C.J.R., McCoy, D.T. and Goldfarb, R.J. (2002) Geology, Exploration and Discovery in the Tintina Gold Province Alaska and Yukon. In: Goldfarb, R.J. and Nielsen, R.L., Eds., Integrated Methods for Discovery: Global Exploration in the Twenty-First Century, Society of Economic Geologists Spec. Publ. No. 9, Littleton, 241-274. https://doi.org/10.5382/SP.09.12
[15]
Minter, W.E.L., Goedhart, M., Knight, J. and Frimmel, H.E. (1993) Morphology of Witwatersrand Gold Grains from the Basal Reef: Evidence for Their Detrital Origin. Economic Geology, 88, 237-248. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.2.237
[16]
Wilson, A.F. (1983) The Economic Significance of Non-Hydrothermal Transport of Gold, and of the Accretion of Large Gold Nuggets in Laterite and Other Weathering Profiles in Australia. Geol. Soc. South Africa Spec. Pub. No. 7, 229-234.
[17]
Giusti, L. (1986) The Morphology, Mineralogy and Behaviour of Fine-Grained Gold from Placer Deposits of Alberta: Sampling and Implications for Mineral Exploration. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 23, 1662-1672. https://doi.org/10.1139/e86-154
[18]
Jensen, E.P. and Barton, M.D. (2007) Geology, Petrochemistry, and Time-Space Evolution of the Cripple Creek District, Colorado. The Geological Society of America Field Guide, No. 10, 63-78. https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.fld010(04)
[19]
Qiu, Z.X. (1986) Gold Spherjids form Oxidation Zone of Yinnan Gold Deposit in Ningxia, China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 32, 576.
[20]
Freyssinet, Ph., Zeegers, H. and Tardy, Y. (1988) Morphology and Geochemistry of Gold Grains in Lateritic Profles of Gold Southern Mali. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 32, 17-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(89)90041-1
[21]
Stefanova, V., Volkov, A.V., Serafimovsky, T. and Sidorov, A.A. (2013) Native Gold of the Epithermal Plavitsa Deposit (Republic of Macedonia). Doklady Earth Sciences, 451, 541-546. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X1308014X
[22]
Stefanova, V., Volkov, A.V., Serafimovsky, T. and Sidorov, A.A. (2015) Native Gold of the Borovik Ore Field (Republic of Macedonia). Geology of Ore Deposits, 57, 148-153. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075701515020063
[23]
Glukhov, A.N. (2019) Tectonic Factors of Ore Genesis of Precambrian Terranes on the Example of the Prikolymsky Uplift and the Omolon Massif (Northeast Asia). Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64, 219-248. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2019.204
[24]
Flerov, I.B. (1970) Relics of the Peneplenized Relief and Weathering Crust in the Basin of the Middle Course of the Kolyma River. Kolyma, No. 12, 43-45.
[25]
Preis, V.K. and Palymsky, B.F. (1988) Mineralogy of Native Gold from One of the Placers of the Prikolymsky Mountain-Anticlinory. Kolyma, No. 4, 11-13. (In Russian)
[26]
Litvinenko, I.S. (2009) Gold Me If the Prikolyma Uplift. Intern. Large Igneous Provinces of Asia, Mantle Plumes and Metallogeny, Novosibirsk, 6-9 August 2009, 194-196.
[27]
Glukhov, A.N., Savva, N.E. and Kolova, E.E. (2016) The Material Composition and Genesis of Gold Ores of the Nadezhda Deposit (Magadan Region). Ores and Metals, No. 4. 1-17.
[28]
Biryukov, A.A. (2018) Genetic Significance of Teluride-Bismuth Mineralization at Gold Ore Objects of the Glukharinsky Ore Node (Magadan Region). Bulletin of the NEISRI FEB RAS, No. 4, 34-39.
[29]
Powers, M.C. (1953) A New Roundness Scale for Sedimentary Particles. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 23, 117-120. https://doi.org/10.1306/D4269567-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D
[30]
Powers, M.C. (1982) Comparison Chart for Estimating and Sphericity. American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Data Sheet 18, 1-2.
[31]
Lang, J.R., Baker, T., Hart, C.J.R. and Mortensen, J.K. (2000) An Exploration Model for Intrusion-Related Gold Systems. SEG Newsletter, No. 40, 15 p. https://doi.org/10.5382/SEGnews.2000-40.fea
[32]
Savva, N.E. (2019) Silver-Arsenide Formation of the Omolon Middle Massif (New Data). Bulletin of the North-Eastern Scientific Center FEB RAS, pp. 9-17. https://doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2019-4-9-17
[33]
Sillitoe, R.H. (1991) Intrusion-Related Gold Deposits. In: Foster, R.P., Ed., Metallogeny and Exploration of Gold, Blackie, Glasgow, 165-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0497-5_6
[34]
Cox, D.P. and Singer, D.A. (1986) Mineral Deposits Models. United States Geological Survey. Bulletin 1693. 379 p.
[35]
Vikent’eva, O.V., Prokofiev, V.Yu., Gamyanin, G.N., Goryachev, N.A. and Bortnikov, N.S. (2018) Intrusion-Related Gold-Bismuth Deposits of North-East Russia: PTX Parameters and Sources of Hydrothermal Fluids. Ore Geology Reviews, 102, 240-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.09.004
[36]
Stimac, J., Goff, F., Goff Cathy, J. and Chapter, R. (2015) Intrusion-Related Geothermal Systems. In: Sigurdsson, H., et al., Eds., The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 799-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385938-9.00046-8
