Anatomical Variations of Renal Vascular in Patients Undergoing Computerized Tomographic scan in Sudan, the total number of patients studied is 400, 202 (50.5%) males and 198 (49.5%) females, and their ages ranged between (3 - 94) years. The study showed mean of total samples of the width and length of right and left kidneys respectively measurements were 5.354 ± 0.948 and 5.571 ± 0.966 for width and 10.028 ± 1.3684 and 10.060 ± 1.5203 for length, the width and length for right renal artery 5.746 ± 1.2814 and 5.881 ± 1.1444 respectively and for left renal artery 5.894 ± 1.3175 and 4.961 ± 1.3175 respectively. Accessory renal artery is a common but a significant anatomical variant of the renal vascular system, due to its clinical importance. In our sample, the accessory renal artery presence was detected in 6% and displayed a greater variation on the right than the left side. Because this abnormality plays an important role in kidney transplantations, in radiological, vascular and urological interventions, a detailed presentation of accessory renal artery incidence was conducted, gathering from the literature a large number of relevant studies in order to create a classification according to population, gender, side and specimen. And the study concluded that the renal arteries present a broad spectrum of variability in their morphological expression regarding their length, diameter and entrance to the kidney parenchyma. The inferior polar renal artery was found same as the superior polar renal artery, additional arteries’ morphological expression was higher in men than women. This is statistically not significant and variation in the right side was found greater frequency than the left side.
Bergman, R.A., Afifi, A.K. and Miyauchi, R. (2010) Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variations: Opus II. Cardiovascular System: Arteries: Abdomen: Renal Arteries.
http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/Cardiovascular/Text/Arteries/Renal.shtml
[3]
Hollinshead, W.H. (1971) Anatomy for Surgeons. Volume 2, Harper and Row, New York, 533-546.
[4]
Kadir, S. (1986) Angiography of the Kidneys. In: Kadir, S., Ed., Diagnostic Angiography, Saunders, Philadelphia, 445-495.
[5]
Spring, D.B., Salvatierra, O., Palubinskas, A.J., Amend, W.J., Vincenti, F.G. and Feduska, N.J. (1979) Results and Significance of Angiography in Potential Kidney Donors. Radiology, 133, 45-47. https://doi.org/10.1148/133.1.45
[6]
Turkvatan, A., Akinci, S., Yildiz, S., Olçer, T. and Cumhur, T. (2009) Multi-Detector Computed Tomography for Preoperative Evaluation of Vascular Anatomy in Living Renal Donors. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 31, 227-235.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-008-0428-0
[7]
Çinar, C. and Türkvatan, A. (2016) Prevalence of Renal Vascular Variations: Evaluation with MDCT Angiography. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, 97, 891-897.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2016.04.001
[8]
Kumar, S., Neyaz, Z. and Gupta, A. (2010) The Utility of 64 Channel Multidetector CT Angiography for Evaluating the Renal Vascular Anatomy and Possible Variations: A Pictorial Essay. Korean Journal of Radiology, 11, 346-354.
https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2010.11.3.346
[9]
Turkvatan, A., Ozdenir, M., Cumhur, T., et al. (2009) Multidetector CT Angiography of Renal Vasculature: Normal Anatomy and Variants. European Radiology, 19, 236-244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-008-1126-3
[10]
Mishra, A., Sharma, P.K., Manik, P., et al. (2014) Variation in Number and Vertebral Level of Origin of Renal Artery in North Indian Population. Journal of Biology and Chemistry Research, 31, 182-191.
[11]
Yammine, K. (2014) Evidence-Based Anatomy. Clinical Anatomy, 27, 847-852.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.22397
[12]
Geyer, J.R. and Poutasse, E.F. (1962) Incidence of Multiple Renal Arteries on Aortography. Report of a Series of 400 Patients, 381 of Whom Had Arterial Hypertension. JAMA, 182, 120-125.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1962.03050410016004
[13]
Platt, J.F., Ellis, J.H., Korobkin, M. and Reige, K. (1997) Helical CT Evaluation of Potential Kidney Donors: Findings in 154 Subjects. AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology, 169, 1325-1330. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.169.5.9353451
[14]
Sarier, M., Callioglu, M., Yuksel, Y., Duman, E., Emek, M. and Usta, S.S. (2020) Evaluation of the Renal Arteries of 2144 Living Kidney Donors Using Computed Tomography Angiography and Comparison with Intraoperative Findings. Urologia Internationalis, 104, 637-640. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507796
[15]
Kok, N.F., Dols, L.F., Hunink, M.G., Alwayn, I.P., Tran, K.T., Weimar, W. and Ijzermans, J.N. (2008) Complex Vascular Anatomy in Live Kidney Donation: Imaging and Consequences for Clinical Outcome. Transplantation, 85, 1760-1765.
https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e318172802d
[16]
Sampaio, F.J.B. and Anderson, K. (1997) The Renal Arterial Pedicle in the Human Fetus. Universite d’Etat de Rio de Janeiro. The Journal of Urology (Paris), 103, 20-23.
[17]
Wondmagegn, H., Gebremickael, A., George, M., Fikadu, T., Zewdie, T., Ayele, T. and Muleta, M. (2022) Does a Renal Vascular Variation in the Renal Allograft Determine the Outcome of Renal Transplantation? Experience from the National Kidney Transplantation Center, Ethiopia. Clinical Audit, 14, 9-17.
https://doi.org/10.2147/CA.S347743
