Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan antrhropozoonosis widespread in mammals
and birds. Normally asymptomatic in the subject health, it can have serious
consequences for the fetus in the first
trimester of pregnancy in the pregnant woman. It is in this context that we
propose to assess the immune response to T.
gondii in pregnant women in Bangui. This was a retrospective analytical
study that consulted the records of pregnant women received in prenatal
consultations at the Bangui Community Hospital Maternity ward from January 2019
to December 2019. Socio-demographic and laboratory data (IgM, IgG response to T. gondii) and results of HIV serology
were collected from January to June 2021. Chi2 test was used. A
total of 307 pregnant women were analyzed. The average age of the women
included was 28 (±6) years. The average parity of the entire sample was 2.18
(±1.93). Toxoplasmosis infectious was 14.65%. Women with a positive IgM
response accounted for 17.58% and those with an IgG-positive response for
42.99%. Patients with a positive HIV were 5.86%. Patients aged 20-29 had a serological profile suggesting a probable
ongoing infection (p = 0.010). The paucipares were more represented with no
statistically significant difference (p = 0.23). Pregnant women were not
significantly exposed to toxoplasmosis infectious (p = 0.96). Immunized and
non-immunized subjects were similarly exposed [OR = 0.97; CI95% 0.4 = 6-2.05]. Toxoplasmosis remains particularly serious
during pregnancy. Seroprevalence was significantly higher in the 20-24 year age group. Women were similarly exposed
depending on whether they were immunized or not. This requires the
establishment of a specific prevention program against this disease.
References
[1]
Jones, J.L., Lopez, A., Wilson, M., et al. (2001) Congenital Toxoplasmosis: A Review. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 56, 296-305. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-200105000-00025
[2]
Gutierrez-Zufiaurre, N., Sanchez-Hernandez, J., Munoz, S., et al. (2004) Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella Virus, Hepatitis B and C and HIV in Pregnant Women. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, 22, 512-516. https://doi.org/10.1157/13067618
[3]
Diza, E., Frantzidou, F., Souliou, E., et al. (2005) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Northen Greece during the Last 20 Years. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 11, 719-723. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01193.x
[4]
Ancelle, T., Goulet, V., Tirad-Flury, V., Baril, L., et al. (1996) La toxoplasmose chez la femme enceinte en France en 1995. Résultats d’une enquête nationale périnatale. BEH, 51, 227-229.
[5]
Elnahas, A., Gerais, A.S., Elbashir, M.I., Eldien, E.S. and Adam, I. (2003) Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Sudanese Women. Saudi Medical Journal, 24, 868-870.
[6]
Nambei, W.S., Gamba, E.P., Tekpa, G. and Gbangbangai, E. (2016) Infection à T gondii chez les femmes enceintes infectées et non infectées par le VIH en Centrafrique. RAMReS Sciences de la Sante, 4, 4-11.
[7]
Dubey, J.P. (1998) Advances in the Life Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. International Journal for Parasitology, 28, 1019-1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00023-X
[8]
Dunlop, O., Rootwelt, V., Sannes, M., et al. (1996) Risk of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in AIDS Patients: Indication for Prophylaxis. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28, 71-73. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365549609027153
[9]
Weiss, L.M. and Dubey, J.P. (2009) Toxoplasmosis: A History of Clinical Observations. International Journal for Parasitology, 39, 895-901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.02.004
[10]
Odongo Osinde, M., Kakaire, O. and Kabonge, K.D. (2012) Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-Infected Patients in Kabala Hospital, Uganda. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 6, 276-282. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1754
[11]
Powers, K.A., Poole, C., Pettifor, A.E. and Cohen, M.S. (2008) Rethinking Heterosexual Infectivity of HIV-1: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 8, 553-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70156-7
[12]
Maïga, I., Kiemtoré, P. and Tounkara, A. (2001) Prevalence of Anti-Toxoplasma Antibodies in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Blood Donors in Bamako. Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique, 94, 268-270.
[13]
Akanmu, A.S., Asunkalu, V.O., Ofomah, J.N. and Olowosenlu, F.O. (2010) Pattern of Demographic Risk Factors in the Seroprevalence of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in HIV Infected Patients at Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 20, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.4314/nqjhm.v20i1.57974
[14]
Savi de Tové, Y.S., Hounto, A.O., Vodouhe, M.V., et al (2018) Séroprévalence et facteurs associés à la toxoplasmose chez la femme enceinte en milieu rural au Bénin. Pan African Medical Journal, 29, Article No. 112. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2018.29.112.14071
[15]
Minkoff, H., Remington, J.S. and Holman, S. (1997) Vertical Transmission of Toxoplasma by Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 176, 555-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(97)70547-7
[16]
Lebeach, M., Larsen, S.O. and Peterson, E. (1993) Prevalence, Incidence and Geographical Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Pregnant Women in Demark. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25, 751-756. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365549309008574
[17]
Hajsoleimani, F., Ataeian, A., Nourian, A.A. and Mazloomzadeh, S. (2012) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Pregnant Women and Bioassay of IgM Positive Cases in Zanjan Northwest of Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology, 7, 82-86.
[18]
Makuwa, M., Loemba, H., Ngouonimba, J., et al. (1994) Sérologie de la toxoplasmose et du cytomégalovirus des malades infectes par le VIH au Congo. Cahiers Sante, 4, 15-19.
[19]
Ledru, E., Diagbouga, S., Ledru, S., et al. (1995) A Study of Toxoplasma and Cytomegalovirus in Tuberculosis and HIV-Infected Patients in Burkina Faso. Acta Tropica, 59, 149-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-706X(95)00073-N
