城市生活垃圾分类强制实施的困境与出路
Predicament and Way Out of Compulsory Implementation of Municipal Solid Waste Classification

通过对上海、北京、广州、深圳等城市生活垃圾强制分类实践情况的分析，发现在垃圾分类强制实施中仍存在居民参与垃圾分类内在动力不足、地方政府执行工作一刀切、垃圾分类回收处理体系建设滞后等困境。应以宣传教育为本增强居民垃圾分类的意识，探索奖惩机制激发居民参与垃圾分类的内在动力；提高地方政府精细化治理能力，优化城市生活垃圾分类的考核标准和方式，将垃圾分类工作推进得更细致、更富有实践性和可操作性；加大对垃圾分类回收处理基础设施建设的投入力度，完善垃圾分类回收处理体系建设，做好垃圾分类处理的关键环节工作。
Through the analysis of the practice of compulsory classification of municipal domestic waste in Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other cities, it is found that there are still difficulties in the implementation of compulsory classification of waste, such as insufficient internal motivation for residents to participate in waste classification, a uniform implementation by local governments, and lagging behind in the construction of waste classification and recycling system. We should strengthen residents’ awareness of garbage classification based on publicity and education, and explore the reward and punishment mechanism to stimulate residents’ internal motivation to participate in garbage classification; We should also improve the fine governance capacity of local governments, optimize the assessment standards and methods of urban domestic waste classification, and promote the garbage classification work more carefully, more practical and op-erable; and we should increase the investment in the construction of infrastructure for garbage classification, recycling and treatment, improve the construction of garbage classification, recycling and treatment system, and do a good job in the key links of garbage classification.