| [1] | Alexander, L. A. (2012). Freedom of Expression. In R. Chadwick (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (pp. 339-344). Academic Press.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373932-2.00257-X
|
| [2] | Article 19 (2022, June 8). Scrap the “Disinformation Bill” and Stop Digital Censorship.
https://www.article19.org/resources/turkey-scrap-the-disinformation-bill-and-stop-digital-censorship/
|
| [3] | Barendt, E. (2007). Freedom of Speech.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199225811.001.0001
|
| [4] | Edelman Trust Barometer (2022, January 18). Breaking the Vicious Cycle of Distrust.
https://www.edelman.com/trust/2022-trust-barometer/breaking-vicious-cycle-distrust
|
| [5] | Ertan, N. (2022, June 6). Turkey’s Independent Journalists Stand against So-Called Disinformation Bill.
https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/06/turkeys-independent-journalists-stand-against-so-called-disinformation-bill#ixzz7cWaaj7Ex
|
| [6] | Esen, B. (2022). Turkey’s New Disinformation Law: An Alarming Trend towards Cyber-Authoritarianism. Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik.
https://www.swp-berlin.org/en/publication/turkeys-new-disinformation-law-an-alarming-trend-towards-cyber-authoritarianism
|
| [7] | European Convention on Human Rights (2021). Article 10 Freedom of Expression.
https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/convention_eng.pdf
|
| [8] | Freedom of Expression Briefing Note Series (2014). Briefing Note 1: Freedom of Expression as a Human Right. Centre for Law and Democracy International Media Support (IMS).
https://www.mediasupport.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/foe-briefingnotes-ims-cld.pdf
|
| [9] | Graber, D. A. (2014). Freedom of the Press: Theories and Realities. In K. Kenski, & K. H. Jamieson (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication (pp. 237-248). Oxford Handbooks.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.80
|
| [10] | Gürkaynak, G., Yıldız, C., & Gürün, N. (2022, June 7). Law Proposal Amending the Press Law and Further Laws Has Been Published.
https://www.mondaq.com/turkey/compliance/1199264/law-proposal-amending-the-press-law-and-further-laws-has-been-published
|
| [11] | Hall, S., Critcher, C., Jefferson, T., Clarke, J., & Roberts, B. (1978). Policing the Crisis. The Macmillan Press Ltd.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15881-2
|
| [12] | Kenyon, A. T. (2016). Who, What, Why and How Questions for Positive Free Speech and Media Systems. In M. Edström, A. T. Kenyon, & E. M. Svensson (Eds.), Blurring the Lines: Market-Driven and Democracy-Driven Freedom of Expression (pp. 29-39). University of Gothenburg.
|
| [13] | Kuckartz, U. (2019). Qualitative Text Analysis: A Systematic Approach. In G. Kaiser, & N. Presmeg (Eds.), Compendium for Early Career Researchers in Mathematics Education (pp. 181-197). ICME-13 Monographs, Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15636-7_8
|
| [14] | McQuail, D. (2013). Journalism and Society. SAGE Publications.
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526435798
|
| [15] | Miller, D. (1993). Official Sources and “Primary Definition”: The Case of Northern Ireland. Media, Culture & Society, 15, 385-406.
https://doi.org/10.1177/016344393015003004
|
| [16] | Oster, J. (2015). Theory of Media Freedom. Media Freedom as a Fundamental Right (Cambridge Intellectual Property and Information Law) (pp. 24-54). Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316162736.004
|
| [17] | Palmer, C. (2022, May 3). Press Freedom under Digital Siege.
https://360info.org/special-report-press-freedom-under-digital-siege
https://doi.org/10.54377/3361-c479
|
| [18] | Scannell, P. (2020). Media and Communication (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
|
| [19] | Schudson, M. (2020). Journalism: Why It Matters. Polity Press.
|
| [20] | Sen, A. (2013). Press Freedom: What Is It Good for? Index on Censorship, 42, 6-14.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0306422013503105
|
| [21] | Svensson, E. M., Kenyon, A. T., & Edström, M. (2016). Introduction: Rethinking Freedom of Expression and Media Freedom. In M. Edström, A. T. Kenyon, & E. M. Svensson (Eds.), Blurring the Lines: Market-Driven and Democracy-Driven Freedom of Expression (pp. 9-18). University of Gothenburg.
|
| [22] | Tambini, D. (2021). A Theory of Media Freedom. Journal of Media Law, 13, 135-152.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17577632.2021.1992128
|
| [23] | The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (1982).
https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.2709.pdf
|
| [24] | The Turkish Grand National Assembly (2022, May 26). The Law Proposal Amending the Press Law and Some Laws.
https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/316898
|
| [25] | UNESCO (2022, May 30). Threats to Freedom of Press: Violence, Disinformation & Censorship.
https://www.unesco.org/en/threats-freedom-press-violence-disinformation-censorship#fostering-freedom-of-speech
|
| [26] | Yazicioglu, Y., Hacaloglu, H., & Sahinkaya, E. (2022, June 10). Turkish Media Groups Voice Concern over Draft Disinformation Bill.
https://www.voanews.com/a/turkish-media-groups-voice-concern-over-draft-disinformation-bill/6611631.html
|
| [27] | Youm, K. H. (2015). Freedom of the Press. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 392-397). Elsevier.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.95054-2
|
| [28] | Zamith, R. (2022). The American Journalism Handbook: Concepts, Issues, and Skills. UMass Amherst Libraries.
|
