马来西亚非华裔华语三语习得：挑战及影响因素
Mandarin as a Third Language Acquisition of Non-Chinese in Malaysia: Challenges and the Influencing Factors

马来西亚非华裔华语作为二语学习和三语学习有很大的不同，而这两个群体的界定马来西亚学术界尚未进行充足的讨论来加以区分。本文旨在重新定义马来西亚非华裔华语“二语学习者”和“三语学习者”，同时还探讨了马来西亚非华裔群体华语三语习得的挑战，如华语三语习得过程的多样复杂性、语际迁移的多重性以及三语系统的逆损性等。最后，本文从习得环境、跨语言影响和习得动机等方面对影响汉语作为三语习得的各种因素进行了考察。本研究的最终目的是希望获得学者们的支持，利用本文的分析作为参考，正确定义自己的目标群体，进而让自己的研究更具有可信度和准确性。
The non-Chinese learners of Mandarin as a second language and a third language in Malaysia should be distinguished, and the definition of these two groups has not been much discussed in the academic world. This paper will redefine who are the non-Chinese learners of Mandarin as a “second language” and as a “third language” in Malaysia. Furthermore, this paper delineates the challenges of learning Mandarin as a third language for non-Chinese learners in Malaysia, such as the diversity and complexity of the Mandarin as a third language acquisition process, the multiplicity of interlingual transfer, and the inverse loss of the trilingual system. Eventually, this paper will examine various factors that affect the acquisition of Mandarin as a third language from the aspects of acquisition environment, cross-lingual influence, acquisition motivation, etc. The ultimate goal of this paper is to gain the support of scholars who will refer to the analysis of this article, properly define their target groups, and then make their research more credible and accurate.