与“虎”相关谚语的中日对比研究
A Comparative Study on Proverbs Related to “Tiger” in Chinese and Japanese

谚语来源于人们的生活，与人们的生活密切相关。谚语可以鲜明地体现一个民族的文化和习俗。通过对谚语的研究，可以了解一个民族的价值观、思维方式和心理特征。虎作为中国本土的动物，在中国自古以来，在神话、传说乃至习俗中都占有重要的地位。受中国文化影响，日本自古以来也有很多关于虎的故事和文艺作品。本研究以中日两国有关“虎”的谚语为研究对象，从隐喻的视角进行比较，探究其相同点和不同点。结果显示，中日两国对老虎的外貌特征、性格特征和行为特征的认识上有很多相似之处，老虎也被比喻为权力者或英雄。在不同点上，与中国谚语不同，日本谚语认为老虎是疼爱孩子的生物。而且，在中国谚语中，老虎多与狼、狗、龙等动物一起使用，而在日本谚语中老虎和猫一起使用的情况较多。其次，中国谚语多将老虎直接与人的行为和性格联系在一起，而日本则重视老虎这种动物本身，日本谚语多描写老虎自身的性格和行为。
Proverbs originate from life and are closely related to people’s life, which reflects a nations’ cul-ture and customs. Studies on proverbs can help better understand a nation’s outlook of the world, way of thinking and psychology. Tigers, a native species in China, have been playing important roles in Chinese myths, legends, and customs. Influenced by Chinese culture, there have also been many stories and works of art related to tigers in Japanese history. The present study focuses on proverbs related to “tiger” in both Chinese and Japanese, from the perspective of metaphor, and studies the similarities and differences between the two languages. The result shows that both languages share similarities in the description of tigers from their physical features, characteristics, and behaviors. The tiger symbolizes power and hero in both culture. However, there are also differences. Different than in Chinese, in Japanese proverbs, tigers are supposed to love their cubs. Furthermore, tigers always accompany wolves, dogs, dragons in Chinese proverbs, while they often appear with cats in Japanese proverbs. Tigers are often related to people’s behaviors and characteristics in Chinese proverbs. Whereas, in Japanese, tigers are more emphasized as individuals and therefore, proverbs more feature tigers’ characteristics and behaviors themselves.