Conventionally available Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)
wood glues are polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stabilized, with drawbacks like poor
strength at high humidity, poor strength at high temperature and workability at
low-temperature. PVAc is non-resistant to high humidity, and if such adhesive
bonds are exploited in a highly humid environment, its strength substantially
decreases. Sufficiently water-resistant adhesive bonds are achieved by
modifying PVAc dispersion with special
chemicals like acrylic acid (AA) and N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) as a
co-monomer, Silanes, and ethylene modified PVA. The Lewis acids like aluminium
chloride and aluminium nitrate are used as cross-linkers. So PVAc
adhesives are classified as reactive and non-reactive glue. Application of non-reactive
D1 (as per EN 204-205) and reactive D2 and D3 (as per EN 204-205) adhesives for
bonding laminate on plywood is a regular practice in the Indian market. In
summer time, Crack formation was seen in laminate bonded with reactive D2 and
D3 adhesives in regions where the room temperature was above 45°C. However, if
the same laminate substrates were bonded with non-reactive D1, no cracks were
seen. To analyse the above phenomenon, we have done Dynamic mechanical analysis
of non-reactive D1, reactive D2 and D3 adhesive.
References
[1]
Gómez-Aldapa, C.A., Velazquez, G., Gutierrez, M.C., Rangel-Vargas, E., Castro-Rosas, J. and Aguirre-Loredo, R.Y. (2020) Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol on the Physicochemical Properties of Biodegradable Starch Films. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 239, Article ID: 122027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.122027
[2]
Gadhave, R. (2022) Starch Grafted Water Resistant Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Wood Adhesive: A Review. Open Journal of Organic Polymer Materials, 12, 17-30. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojopm.2022.122002
[3]
Bashir, M.A. (2021) Use of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) for Characterizing Interfacial Interactions in Filled Polymers. Solids, 2, 108-120. https://doi.org/10.3390/solids2010006
[4]
Gadhave, R.V.I. and Dhawale, P.V. (2022) State of Research and Trends in the Development of Polyvinyl Acetate-Based Wood Adhesive. Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry, 12, 13-42. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpchem.2022.121002
[5]
Wu, Y.B., Lv, C.F. and Han, M.N. (2009) Synthesis and Performance Study of Polybasic Starch Graft Copolymerization Function Materials. Advanced Materials Research, 79-82, 43-46. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.79-82.43.
[6]
Gadhave, R.V., Vineeth, S.K., Mahanwar, P.A. and Gadekar, P.T. (2021) Effect of Addition of Boric Acid on Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blend and Applicability as Wood Adhesive. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 35, 1072-1086. https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2020.1832775
[7]
Eliades, T., Zinelis, S., Kim, D.-G. and Brantley, W. (2017) Structure/Property Relationships in Orthodontic Polymers. In: Eliades, T. and Brantley, W.A., Eds., Orthodontic Applications of Biomaterials, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, UK, 39-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100383-1.00002-3
[8]
Chiozza, F. and Pizzo, B. (2016) Innovation in Poly(vinyl acetate) Water Resistant D3 Glues Used in Wood Industry. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 70, 102-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.06.003
[9]
Zhang, N., Wang, S., Gibril, M.E. and Kong, F. (2020) The Copolymer of Polyvinyl Acetate Containing Lignin-Vinyl Acetate Monomer: Synthesis and Characterization. European Polymer Journal, 123, Article ID: 109411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109411
[10]
Wang, Z., Gu, Z., Hong, Y., Cheng, L. and Li, Z. (2011) Bonding Strength and Water Resistance of Starch-Based Wood Adhesive Improved by Silica Nanoparticles. Carbohydrate Polymers, 86, 72-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.04.003
[11]
Noshirvani, N., Ghanbarzadeh, B., Fasihi, H. and Almasi, H. (2016) Starch-PVA Nanocomposite Film Incorporated with Cellulose Nanocrystals and MMT: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Food Engineering, 12, 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2015-0145
[12]
El-Sheikh, M.A., Ramadan, M.A. and El-Shafie, A. (2010) Photo-Oxidation of Rice Starch. Part I: Using Hydrogen Peroxide. Carbohydrate Polymers, 80, 266-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.11.023
[13]
Chen, L., Wang, Y., Zia-ud-Din, Fei, P., Jin, W., Xiong, H. and Wang, Z. (2017) Enhancing the Performance of Starch-Based Wood Adhesive by Silane Coupling Agent (KH570). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 104, 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.182
[14]
Shah, N., Mewada, R.K. and Mehta, T. (2016) Crosslinking of Starch and Its Effect on Viscosity Behaviour. Reviews in Chemical Engineering, 32, 265-270. https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2015-0047
