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应力条件下埋地输油管线菌致开裂行为研究进展
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Abstract:
应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)作为一种破坏性强又不易发现的潜在性威胁，一直是腐蚀领域的重要研究课题。传统应力腐蚀机理从阳极溶解和氢至开裂两方面解释了SCC现象。然而单纯的应力条件已经不足以解释实际埋地管线的腐蚀过程，大量的事故现场调查表明硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)作为一种广泛分布于土壤环境中的厌氧型腐蚀性微生物，它的存在会与应力形成协同作用导致菌致开裂行为的发生。近年来的研究证实应力对于SRB的生长代谢无明显影响，而二者的协同作用可以从三个方面加速腐蚀：1) 改变腐蚀产物结构，增加腐蚀产物含硫量，提高材料局部腐蚀敏感性；2) 加速材料表面点蚀萌生和裂纹扩散，诱导材料发生二次点蚀现象；3) 促进基底对于H0的吸收，为氢脆过程提供了H0的来源。本文首先综述了传统应力腐蚀开裂机理，并分别从SRB影响金属材料应力腐蚀敏感性、SRB诱导点蚀和SRB促进氢脆三个方面综述了SRB诱导下的应力腐蚀研究进展，为日后埋地管线的安全服役提供了理论依据。
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC), as a potential threat that is highly destructive and well covert, has always been an important research topic in the field of corrosion. The traditional stress corrosion mechanism explains SCC phenomenon from two aspects of anodic dissolution and hydrogen-induced cracking. However, pure stress condition is insufficient to explain the actual process of buried pipeline corrosion, a large number of accident site investigations have shown that sulfate-reducing bac-teria (SRB), as an anaerobic corrosive microorganism widely distributed in the soil environment, can synergize with stress formation and lead to the occurrence of bacterial-induced cracking behavior. Recent studies have confirmed that stress has no significant effect on the growth and metabolism of SRB, the synergistic effect of the two can accelerate corrosion from three aspects: 1) Change the structure of corrosion products, increase the sulfur content of corrosion products, and improve the local corrosion sensitivity of materials; 2) Accelerate the initiation of pitting corrosion and crack propagation on the surface of materials, and induce secondary pitting corrosion of materials phenomenon; 3) Promote the absorption of H0 by the substrate and provide a source of H0 for the hydrogen induced cracking process. In this paper, the traditional stress corrosion cracking mechanism is firstly reviewed, and the research progress of stress corrosion induced by SRB is reviewed from three aspects: SRB affects the stress corrosion susceptibility of metal materials, SRB induced pitting corrosion and SRB promotes hydrogen induced cracking, which provides a theoret-ical basis for the safe service of buried pipelines in the future.
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