东北地区城镇污水处理厂碳排放核算及空间分布特征
Carbon Emission Accounting and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants in Northeast China

城镇污水处理厂在运行过程中会产生甲烷、氧化亚氮和二氧化碳，这些被认为是重要的碳排放源之一。随着东北地区污水处理厂数量和处理能力的逐年攀升，会导致碳排放量也随之上升，本文以东北地区城镇污水处理厂为研究对象，采用基于污染物消减量的排放因子法计算了2014年~2018年东北地区城镇污水处理厂碳排放总量，并探究碳排放的时空分布特征。结果表明，2018年碳排放总量为286.35万吨CO₂-eq，相比2014年增长了26.37%；在碳排放结构上，以间接排放为主，2018年其占排放量的61%；从空间分布特征来看，省会城市以及工业较发达的城市，城镇污水厂碳排放较高。
Urban wastewater treatment plants produce methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide during operation, which is considered to be one of the important sources of carbon emissions. As a number of sewage treatment plant and processing capacity in the northeast China of rising year by year, it will lead to more carbon emissions, based on the urban sewage treatment plants in northeast China as the research object, based on the amount of pollutants to reduce emissions factor method to calculate the urban sewage treatment plants in northeast China in 2014~2018 carbon emissions, and to explore the time and space distribution characteristics of carbon emissions. The results showed that the total carbon emission in 2018 was 2,863,500 tons of CO₂-eq, an increase of 26.37% compared with 2014. In terms of carbon emission structure, indirect emissions are the main ones, accounting for 61% of emissions in 2018. From the spatial distribution characteristics, provincial capital cities and cities with more developed industries have higher carbon emissions from urban sewage plants.