Since the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment (ART) depends on adherence, this study aimed to assess the personality characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)—by considering general patterns of behavior and attitude—and to verify its association with perceived social support, expectation of self-efficacy to follow ART, and biological markers of adherence. This clinical, exploratory, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted on PLWHA on ART by means of a structured questionnaire, scale of perceived social support in HIV (PSS-HIV), Scale of self-efficacy expectations of adherence to antiretroviral treatment (SEA-ART) and the HumanGuide (HG) personality test. Scores indicative of good prognosis on the PSS-HIV correlated with higher CD4+ T cells and lower viral load. Personality characteristics such as sociability and optimism, ability to deal with changes, and flexibility influenced perceived social support. Low self-efficacy expectations to follow ART were associated with dependency on social approval and recognition, while high expectations when associated to negative emotional and physical conditions had a positive impact on adherence. Sense of responsibility and care for life correlated with higher CD4+ T cells. Thus, personality characteristics may influence psychological mediators in terms of adherence to ART and can offer relevant information to plan a successful intervention for PLWHA.
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