山东省 ≥ 60岁人群生命质量的十年对比研究
Quality of Life among People Aged over 60 Years Old in Shandong Province: A Ten-Year Comparative Study

目的：了解山东省 ≥ 60岁人群生命质量10多年来的变化、特征及影响因素，为提高山东省老年群体生命质量提供依据。方法：本研究资料来源于山东省2004年与2015年精神障碍流行病学抽样调查数据，采用多阶段分层抽样的方法分别抽取2004年4451名 ≥ 60岁人群和2015年10,894名 ≥ 60岁人群进行一般情况调查表、简易生命质量问卷(Quality of Life Questionnaire, QLQ)调查。结果：2015年 ≥ 60岁人群高QLQ评分者7855人(72.1%)，低QLQ评分者3039人(27.9%)，2004年 ≥ 60岁人群高QLQ评分者2683人(60.3%)，低QLQ评分者1768人(39.7%)；2015年QLQ中6个条目及总分评分均高于2004年(P < 0.001)，相同特征人群中QLQ总分评分2015年均高于2004年(P < 0.001)；2015年多因素logistic逐步回归分析显示：城市地区、年龄越低、受教育年限越高、医疗来源为商业保险、已婚/再婚、在职人员、离退休/病退人员的山东省 ≥ 60岁以上人群生命质量较高。结论：2015年山东省 ≥ 60岁人群的生命质量较2004年有明显提高，10多年来山东省 ≥ 60岁人群生命质量回归模型已经发生了变化，应重点关注城乡、年龄、受教育年限、医疗来源、婚姻、职业等多方面因素，进一步提高山东省60岁及以上人群生命质量。
Objective: To investigate the changes, characteristics, and influencing factors among people aged ≥60 years old in Shandong Province for more than ten years and to provide evidence for improving the quality of life of the elderly population in Shandong Province. Methods: The study used data from the Shandong Province Mental Disorders Epidemiological Survey 2004 and 2015. A total of 4451 people aged ≥60 years old in 2004 and 10,894 people aged ≥60 years old in 2015 were se-lected by multi-stage stratified sampling method for the General Condition Questionnaire and Qual-ity of Life Questionnaire (QLQ). Results: In 2015, there were 7855 (72.1%) people with high QLQ scores and 3039 (27.9%) people with low QLQ scores among people ≥ 60 years old. In 2004, there were 2683 (60.3%) people with high QLQ scores and 1768 (39.7%) people with low QLQ scores among people ≥ 60 years old. All six domains and total scores in QLQ in 2015 were higher than those in 2004 (P < 0.001), and the total score of QLQ in the same characteristic population was higher in 2015 than that in 2004 (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis in 2015 demonstrated that the respondents living in urban regions, the lower the age, the higher the years of education, married/remarried, being in-service personnel, being retired or retired due to illness, and participating in commercial medical insurance were likely to have a high quality of life. Conclusion: The quality of life of those aged ≥60 years old was significantly improved in 2015 com-pared with 2004 in Shandong Province. For more than ten years, the regression model of quality of life for those aged ≥60 years old has changed in Shandong Province. It is necessary to pay more at-tention to the residential region (rural or urban), age, education, marriage, occupation, and type of medical insurance to improve further the quality of life of those aged ≥60 years old in Shandong Province.