光纤传感技术在石油行业应用现状及发展趋势
Application Status and Development Trend of Optical Fiber Sensing Technology in Petroleum Industry

光纤传感技术以光纤作为信息的传感和传输媒介，信号光作为信息的载体，通过外界物理量变化直接或间接的改变光纤中光波的振幅、相位、频率、偏振态或波长等参量，从而实现对外界物理信息的感知。近十余年，随着技术的进步，光纤传感技术发展迅速，相较传统的传感器有更高的灵敏度和精度；重量轻、体积小，便于安装；具有良好的绝缘性、化学稳定性以及抗电磁干扰能力；可以实现分布式测量，还能组成传输网络，实现大规模多点测量。目前已广泛应用于航空航天、土木工程、石油石化、电力系统和医疗诊断等众多领域。光纤技术在石油行业已经广泛应用于石油勘探、井下监测、储存、运输等各个方面，该技术在石油行业具有良好的发展前景。
Optical fiber sensing technology uses optical fiber as the sensing and transmission medium of information, signal light as the carrier of information, and directly or indirectly changes parameters such as the ampli-tude, phase, frequency, polarization state or wavelength of the light wave in the optical fiber through changes in external physical quantities, so as to realize the perception of external physical information. In the past ten years, with the advancement of technology, optical fiber sensing tech-nology has developed rapidly. Compared with traditional sensors, it has higher sensitivity and ac-curacy; it is light in weight, small in size, and easy to install; it has good insulation, chemical stability and anti-electromagnetic interference ability; can realize distributed measurement, and can also form a transmission network to achieve large-scale multi-point measurement. At present, it has been widely used in many fields such as aerospace, civil engineering, petroleum and petrochemical, power system and medical diagnosis. Optical fiber technology has been widely used in oil explora-tion, downhole monitoring, storage, transportation and other aspects in the oil industry, and the technology has a good development prospect in the oil industry.