新冠疫情期间北京居民出行行为研究
Research on the Travel Behavior of Beijing Residents during the COVID-19 Epidemic

起伏反复的新冠疫情对城市居民出行行为产生了重要影响。针对北京新冠肺炎疫情发展情况，调研了北京居民个人与家庭特征及出行行为信息，对比分析了不同疫情阶段下北京居民出行行为的差异，探讨了疫情下公共交通出行的影响因素。结果表明：从疫情爆发至今，北京居民的出行频次呈现出先断崖式下降，后缓步回升的变化趋势，但当前出行频次仍未恢复到疫情前的水平；以休闲娱乐、探亲访友、景区游览为目的的弹性出行需求比例依然显著低于疫情前，当前北京居民对弹性出行的意愿和需求均有所下降；部分北京居民已由公共交通出行转向私家小汽车、电动车、自行车等私人交通出行；同时，居民个人与家庭特征、是否接种疫苗在当前疫情防控常态化阶段对公共交通出行行为产生显著影响。在当前疫情防控“动态清零”总方针下，以上结果为合理引导居民生产生活出行行为、制定疫情防控策略提供决策支持。
The fluctuating COVID-19 epidemic has had an important impact on the travel behavior of urban residents. According to the development situation of COVID-19 in Beijing, this study investigated the personal and family characteristics and travel behavior information of Beijing residents, compared and analyzed the differences of their travel behavior in different epidemic stages, and discussed the influence factors of public transport travel under the epidemic. The results show that since the outbreak of the epidemic, the travel frequency of Beijing residents has shown a changing trend of first precipice decline and then slow recovery, but the current travel frequency has not returned to the level before the epidemic. The proportion of flexible travel demand for leisure and entertainment, visiting relatives and friends, and scenic spots is still significantly lower than that before the epidemic. At present, the willingness and demand for flexible travel have decreased. Some Beijing residents have switched from public transport to private cars, electric bikes and other private travel modes. At the same time, the personal and family characteristics of Beijing residents and whether they have been vaccinated have a significant impact on the public transport travel behavior in the current normalization stage of epidemic prevention and control. Under the current general principles of “dynamic clearing”, the above results provide decision support for reasonably guiding residents’ production and living travel behavior and formulating epidemic prevention and control strategies.