典型月地返回再入加速度作用下躺姿人体生理效应
Physiological Effects in Lying Position under Typical Lunar-Earth Reentry Acceleration

探索典型月地返回再入时人体躺姿状态下加速度过载的生理效应和作用规律。选拔11名志愿者完成最大峰值3 g、5 g的过载试验，其中5名志愿者另完成了最大峰值7 g的过载试验。利用载人离心机模拟两种典型过载：嫦娥返回模式、阿波罗返回模式。试验过程中监测志愿者心率、血压、血氧饱和度等生理指标，记录志愿者主观感受，并设计综合评分标准进行综合评价。志愿者全部完成预设试验；能够耐受峰值7 g的典型过载，但出现了明显的不适症状。试验过程中志愿者综合评分显著降低(P < 0.05)。随着过载增大，压迫性呼吸困难成为主要影响因素，个别志愿者出现低氧血症。与嫦娥返回过载环境相比，阿波罗返回过载环境下不适感稍强烈。典型月地返回躺姿状态，建议加强乘员胸部和呼吸功能的防护；5 g以上过载对人体生理指标和主观感受产生较大影响，因此飞船再入气动设计应尽量减少高过载作用时间。
To explore the physiological effects and rules of hypergravity on human body in lying position during the typical lunar-earth reentry, 11 volunteers were selected to complete the maximum peak overload test of 3 g and 5 g, and 5 of them completed the maximum peak overload test of 7 g. Two typical overload environments were simulated by manned centrifuge: Chang’e return mode and Apollo return mode. During the experiment, the physiological indexes such as heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation were monitored, the subjective feelings of the volunteers were recorded, and a comprehensive scoring standard was designed for comprehensive evaluation. All the volunteers completed the preset test; they were able to tolerate the typical overload of 7 g, but showed obvious symptoms of discomfort. The comprehensive score of the volunteers decreased significantly during the experiment (P < 0.05). With the increase of overload, compressive dyspnea became the main influencing factor, and some volunteers developed hypoxemia. Compared with Chang’e’s reentry mode, the discomfort in Apollo reentry mode is a little stronger. It is suggested to strengthen the protection of the occupant’s chest and respiratory function; the overload of more than 5 g has a great influence on the human physiological index and subjective feeling, so the aerodynamic design of the spacecraft reentry should reduce the high overload time as much as possible.