区域差距视角下我国高等教育生均经费投入公平性研究——基于教育基尼系数的计算与分析
Research on the Equity of Appropriations in Higher Education per Student in China from the Perspective of Regional Disparity—Calculation and Analysis Based on Education Gini Coefficient

目前我国高等教育已经进入了普及化发展的新阶段，随着社会民众对于教育需求的改变，部分高校优先发展已经难以满足需求，高等教育的公平和区域高等教育均衡发展成为当下亟待解决的问题。本文一方面从宏观角度对全国教育经费现状及差异进行分析，另一方面从微观角度基于四大经济区的人口大省为研究对象，利用2011~2020《中国教育经费统计年鉴》中的生均教育经费等相关数据计算各省的教育基尼系数并加以对比分析。研究发现，大多数年份我国高等教育处于不公平的层次中，不符合教育公平的要求；经济发展水平高的省份高等教育经费投入更加公平，配置相对更合理；四省的教育基尼系数呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势，也说明高等教育经费投入的公平性有待提高。最后提出完善教育经费投入机制，建立起财政投入应急和补偿基础，为实现区域高等教育的协调发展提供参考。
At present, my country’s higher education has entered a new stage of popularization and development. With the changes in the public’s educational needs, it is difficult for some colleges and universities to give priority to development to meet the needs. The equity of higher education and the balanced development of regional higher education have become urgent problems to be solved. On the one hand, this paper analyzes the current situation and differences of national education funding from a macro perspective, and on the other hand, from a micro perspective, based on the four major economic regions with large populations as the research object, using the 2011~2020 “Statistical Yearbook of China’s Educational Expenditure” per student education funding and other related data are used to calculate the education Gini coefficient of each province and make a comparative analysis. The study found that my country’s higher education is in an unfair level in most years, which does not meet the requirements of education equity; provinces with high economic development levels have more equitable investment in higher education funds, and their allocation is relatively more reasonable; the education Gini coefficient of the four provinces decreased first. The trend of increasing after primary school also shows that the fairness of higher education funding needs to be improved. Finally, it proposes to improve the investment mechanism of education funds, establish the basis for emergency response and compensation of financial investment, and provide reference for realizing the coordinated development of regional higher education.