影响丽江市人均预期寿命的主要因素探究
Study on the Main Factors Affecting the Average Life Expectancy in Lijiang City

目的：了解和掌握影响丽江市人均预期寿命的主要因素，提出针对性的预防控制策略，为制定切合实际的卫生政策提供科学依据。方法：收集2018~2020年丽江市死亡数据及人口数据，采用Excel、SPSS17.0和去死因简略寿命表计算死亡率、构成比以及去死因人均预期寿命增值等指标。结果：2018~2020年丽江市报告年均粗死亡率是743.12/10万。心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、损伤及中毒、消化系统疾病是造成丽江市居民死亡的前五位死亡原因，2018~2020年合计报告死亡8759例、8570例、8299例，报告粗死亡率分别是678.93/10万、662.07/10万、638.43/10万，死亡构成比依次是86.79%、91.74%、87.99%。心脑血管疾病是造成丽江市居民死亡的第一位系统性疾病，2018~2020年报告死亡个案分别为4274例、3887例、4404例，报告粗死亡率分别是331.29/10万、300.29/10万、338.79/10万，死亡构成比依次是42.35%、41.61%、46.69%。2018~2020年丽江市去前五死亡原因人均预期寿命增值合计依次是9.35岁、13.27岁、11.77岁，三年去前五死亡原因人均预期寿命平均增值是11.46岁。心脑血管疾病对人均预期影响最为明显，2018~2020年丽江市去心脑血管疾病人均预期寿命增值依次是4.46岁、6.40岁和6.86岁，呈上升的趋势，三年去心脑血管疾病人均预期寿命平均增值是5.91岁。结论：心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、损伤及中毒、消化系统疾病是影响丽江市居民健康、造成居民早死和影响人均预期寿命的主要原因，预防和控制前五位死亡原因是丽江市当前和近年的工作重点。
Objective: To understand and master the main factors affecting the average life expectancy in Li-jiang city, put forward targeted prevention and control strategies, and provide scientific basis for making practical health policies. Methods: The mortality data and population data of Lijiang City from 2018 to 2020 were collected. Excel, SPSS17.0 and the cause-free life table were used to calcu-late the mortality rate, constituent ratio and added value of cause-free life expectancy. Results: From 2018 to 2020, the reported average annual crude mortality rate in Lijiang City was 743.12/100,000. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, malignant tumors, injuries and poisoning, and digestive system diseases were the top five causes of death in Lijiang City, with a total of 8759, 8570, and 8299 deaths reported from 2018 to 2020. The crude death rates were 678.93/100,000, 662.07/100,000 and 638.43/100,000, respectively, and the constituent ratios of death were 86.79%, 91.74% and 87.99%, respectively. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the first systemic diseases causing death in Lijiang City. From 2018 to 2020, 4274, 3887 and 4404 deaths were reported, with crude mortality rates of 331.29/100,000, 300.29/100,000 and 338.79/100,000, respectively. The proportion of death was 42.35%, 41.61% and 46.69%, respectively. From 2018 to 2020, the top five causes of death in Li-jiang were 9.35 years old, 13.27 years old and 11.77 years old, and the top five causes of death in three years were 11.46 years old. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have the most ob-vious impact on average life expectancy. From 2018 to 2020, the increase of life expectancy per capita for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Lijiang City is 4.46 years, 6.40 years and 6.86 years, showing an increasing trend. The