胫骨平台内侧角在内侧间室膝骨关节炎手术治疗中的意义
Significance of Medial angle of Tibial Plateau in Surgical Treatment of Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis

随着人口老龄化加剧，膝关节骨关节炎发病率逐年提高，尤其是内侧间室膝骨关节炎，常常影响患者的日常生活。针对适应证选择合适的手术方式治疗，是解除患者病痛，恢复患者日常生活的重要方案。自从胫骨高位截骨术、单髁置换手术、腓骨截骨术等手术方式问世以来，越来越引起骨科医生的关注，根据患者的实际情况决定治疗方法尤为重要。在确定手术方式之前，胫骨平台内侧角作为胫骨近端影像学参数判断膝关节畸形程度，维持膝关节正常下肢力线有着极为重要的作用，既可以指导术前力线矫正角度的规划，又可以在术中假体选择、截骨量的多少中提供重要的理论依据。在治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎的三种手术方式中，胫骨平台内侧角对术前准备、术前规划、手术方式选择、术中截骨、术后疗效评估提供数据支撑和理论指导，三种术式对于治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎也各有优劣，对于矫正患者下肢力线，提高患者远期生活质量都有较好的疗效。本文综述并探讨了胫骨平台内侧角在内侧间室骨关节炎手术治疗中的意义，以期待能为这三种术式提供有价值的理论基础与研究意义。
With the aging of the population, the incidence of knee osteoarthritis is increasing year by year, es-pecially medial compartment knee osteoarthritis, which often affects the daily life of patients. Se-lecting the appropriate surgical treatment according to the indication is an important plan to re-lieve the patient’s pain and restore the patient’s daily life. Since the advent of high tibial osteotomy, unicondylar replacement surgery, fibula osteotomy, and other surgical methods, it has attracted more and more attention from orthopedic surgeons. It is particularly important to decide the treatment method according to the actual situation of the patient. Before determining the surgical method, the medial angle of the tibial plateau is used as an imaging parameter of the proximal tibia to judge the degree of knee joint deformity and to maintain the normal lower limb alignment of the knee joint. It provides an important theoretical basis for the selection of intraoperative prosthesis and the amount of osteotomy. Among the three surgical methods for the treatment of medial com-partment knee osteoarthritis, the medial angle of the tibial plateau provides data support and the-oretical guidance for preoperative preparation, preoperative planning, surgical method selection, and intraoperative osteotomy, and postoperative efficacy evaluation. Each type of operation has its own advantages and disadvantages for the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis and has a good curative effect in correcting the lower limb alignment of patients and improving the long-term quality of life of patients. This article reviews and discusses the significance of the medial angle of the tibial plateau in the surgical treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis, hoping to provide a valuable theoretical basis and research significance for these three surgical methods.