哈密市四道沟水库供水–生态多目标优化调度
Water Supply-Ecology Multi-Objective Optimal Operation of Sidaogou Reservoir in Hami City

哈密市四道沟水库由于存在资源性缺水，生活、工业、灌溉、生态等部门之间的用水矛盾日趋紧张，多部门之间的水量合理分配亟需解决。为了协调经济社会供水(生活 + 工业 + 灌溉)和生态供水之间的关系，建立了面向经济社会供水和生态供水的多目标水库调度优化模型，采用多目标遗传算法NSGA-II进行求解，获得了协调经济社会目标和生态目标的水库调度方案。结果表明，经济社会供水与生态供水之间存在明显的竞争关系，通过选择典型的水库调度优化方案，能较大程度减少缺水量，提高供水和生态效益，同时能缓解下游河道的断流情况。该模型和研究结果可为四道沟水库多目标优化调度决策提供技术支持。
Due to the water shortage of Sidaogou Reservoir in Hami City, a water consumption conflict among domestic water, industrial water, irrigation, and ecological water is becoming sharp. The conflict requires a rational water allocation among different water-use departments. To balance the conflict between socioeconomic water supply (including domestic water, industrial water and irrigation) and ecological water supply, a multi-objective optimal reservoir operation model considering both socioeconomic water supply and ecological water supply is established. The NSGA-II algorithm is adopted to solve the model, and then the optimal reservoir operation scheme that coordinates the socioeconomic and ecological water supply benefits is obtained. The results show that there is an obvious conflicting relationship between socioeconomic water supply and ecological water supply. The optimal reservoir operation scheme is able to reduce water shortage, improve social and ecological water supply benefits, and avoid the cut-off of the downstream river. The optimization results based on the multi-objective optimal reservoir operation model can provide technical supports to the operation decision making for Sidaogou Reservoir.