Since the 21st century, cultural creativity has become a prominent
way to revitalize cultural heritage such as historical buildings and historical
landscapes. However, many current practices are dominated by the government, and
the factors affecting individual willingness to participate are still unclear. In
this study, 28 respondents (16 men, 12 women) were recruited in Chengdu, China,
through semi-structured interviews, and the interview data were qualitatively evaluated
using thematic analysis. The results show that the influencing factors mainly include
six themes: “inclusion of creative environment”, “economic
investment risk”, “potential development space”, “information
access channels”, “uncertainty of the creative product quality”, and “creation
level.” The findings will have important implications
for the protection and development of current and future cultural heritage and strengthen
the construction of creative cities in specific cultural heritage contexts.
References
[1]
Acar Sesen, B., & Ince, E. (2010). Internet as a Source of Misconception. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9, 94-100.
[2]
Bolderston, A. (2012). Conducting a Research Interview. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, 43, 66-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2011.12.002
[3]
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
[4]
Cerisola, S. (2019). A New Perspective on the Cultural Heritage-Development Nexus: The Role of Creativity. Journal of Cultural Economics, 43, 21-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-018-9328-2
[5]
Cheng, S., Yu, Y., & Li, K. (2017). Historic Conservation in Rapid Urbanization: A Case Study of the Hankow Historic Concession Area. Journal of Urban Design, 22, 433-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2017.1289064
[6]
Chengdu Government (2009). Chengdu Ranks among the Top Ten in the List of the Most Profound Urban Culture in China. (In Chinese). http://www.chengdu.gov.cn/chengdu/rscd/2009-01/06/content_b658847c51fd42b180a4e525ee5339f5.shtml
[7]
Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Planning and Natural Resources (n.d.a). Conservation Planning for the Historic City of Chengdu. (In Chinese). http://mpnr.chengdu.gov.cn/ghhzrzyj/ztgh/2021-12/24/e0aa8a08025d482989c7f590fb59288f/files/9b0323904878447684cef3e27630f7b9.pdf
[8]
Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Planning and Natural Resources (n.d.b). The First Conservation Planning for Historic City of Chengdu Complied by Our Bureau Was Approved by the Provincial Government. (In Chinese). http://mpnr.chengdu.gov.cn/ghhzrzyj/ywbb/2021-12/22/content_5e33245557354da0aaabee621b1306f3.shtml
[9]
Cheung, A. S. (2009). A Study of Cyber-Violence and Internet Service Providers’ Liability: Lessons from China. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 18, 323-346.
[10]
China Daily (2019). The Forbidden City’s “Account Book”: Cultural and Creative Income Have 1.5 Billion Chinese Yuan, More than 1,500 A-Shares Companies. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1625848279207045070&wfr=spider&for=pc
[11]
Echavarria, K. R., Samaroudi, M., Dibble, L., Silverton, E., & Dixon, S. (2022). Creative Experiences for Engaging Communities with Cultural Heritage through Place-Based Narratives. Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, 15, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3479007
[12]
Freedman, A., & Slade, T. (2017). Introducing Japanese Popular Culture: Serious Approaches to Playful Delights. In A. Freedman, & T. Slade (Eds.), Introducing Japanese Popular Culture (pp. 1-10). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315723761-1
[13]
Giglitto, D., Ciolfi, L., & Bosswick, W. (2022). Building a Bridge: Opportunities and Challenges for Intangible Cultural Heritage at the Intersection of Institutions, Civic Society, and Migrant Communities. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 28, 74-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2021.1922934
[14]
Giliberto, F., & Labadi, S. (2022). Harnessing Cultural Heritage for Sustainable Development: An Analysis of Three Internationally Funded Projects in MENA Countries. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 28, 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2021.1950026
[15]
Gill, M. J. (2014). The Possibilities of Phenomenology for Organizational Research. Organizational Research Methods, 17, 118-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428113518348
[16]
Gouvea, R., Kapelianis, D., Montoya, M. J. R., & Vora, G. (2021). The Creative Economy, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Examination. Creative Industries Journal, 14, 23-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2020.1744215
[17]
Hani, U., Azzadina, I., Sianipar, C. P. M., Setyagung, E. H., & Ishii, T. (2012). Preserving Cultural Heritage through Creative Industry: A Lesson from Saung Angklung Udjo. Procedia Economics and Finance, 4, 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00334-6
[18]
He, Y., & Zhang, J. (2022). Branding for the Sustainable Development of Cultural Heritage in Zhejiang Province. In 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022) (pp. 1359-1362). Atlantis Press.
[19]
Horton, J., Macve, R., & Struyven, G. (2004). Qualitative Research: Experiences in Using Semi-Structured Interviews. In C. Humphrey, & B. Lee (Eds.), The Real Life Guide to Accounting Research (pp. 339-357). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008043972-3/50022-0
[20]
ICOMOS (1964). Venice Charter. ICOMOS.
[21]
ICOMOS (2005). Xi’an Declaration. ICOMOS.
[22]
ICOMOS (2008). ICOMOS Charter on Cultural Routes. ICOMOS.
[23]
Kanakis, K., McShane, C. J., Kilcullen, M. L., & Swinbourne, A. L. (2019). “It’s the People That Keep Me Here”: Exploring the Role of Community Attachment in Increasing Length of Residency. Journal of Rural Studies, 70, 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.08.006
[24]
Kibirige, H. M., & DePalo, L. (2000). The Internet as a Source of Academic Research Information: Findings of Two Pilot Studies. Information Technology and Libraries, 19, 11-16. https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v19i1.10069
[25]
Liang, X., Coscia, C., Dellapiana, E., Martin, J., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Complex Social Value-Based Approach for Decision-Making and Valorization Process in Chinese World Cultural Heritage Site: The Case of Kulangsu (China). Land, 11, Article 614. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11050614
[26]
Luo, S., Xie, J., & Furuya, K. (2021). “We Need Such a Space”: Residents’ Motives for Visiting Urban Green Spaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 13, Article 6806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126806
[27]
Nowicka, K. (2022). The Heritage Given: Cultural Landscape and Heritage of the Vistula Delta Mennonites as Perceived by the Contemporary Residents of the Region. Sustainability, 14, Article 915. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020915
[28]
Robinson, O. C. (2014). Sampling in Interview-Based Qualitative Research: A Theoretical and Practical Guide. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11, 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2013.801543
[29]
Sakurai, R., Jacobson, S. K., Kobori, H., Primack, R., Oka, K., Komatsu, N., & Machida, R. (2011). Culture and Climate Change: Japanese Cherry Blossom Festivals and Stakeholders’ Knowledge and Attitudes about Global Climate Change. Biological Conservation, 144, 654-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.028
[30]
Sasaki, M. (2010). Urban Regeneration through Cultural Creativity and Social Inclusion: Rethinking Creative City Theory through a Japanese Case Study. Cities, 27, S3-S9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2010.03.002
[31]
Sasaki, M. (2013). Case Study Window—Cultural Cluster, Capital and Cityscape: The Cultural Economy of Japanese Creative Cities. In G. Young (Ed.), The Routledge Research Companion to Planning and Culture. Routledge.
[32]
Silva, A., Braga, J. L., Mota, C., Brás, S., & Leite, S. (2022). The Impact of the Culture-Heritage Relationship for Tourism and Sustainable Development. In J. V. D. Carvalho, P. Liberato, & A. Peña (Eds.), Advances in Tourism, Technology and Systems (pp. 411-425). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9701-2_33
[33]
Solík, M., & Klementis, M. (2015). Mimicry of Cultural Production for the Majority: Development Tendencies of Mainstream Culture. European Journal of Science and Theology, 11, 93-105.
[34]
UNESCO (1972). Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. UNESCO.
[35]
UNESCO (1994). Expert Meeting on the “Global Strategy” and Thematic Studies for a Representative World Heritage List. UNESCO.
[36]
UNESCO (2011). Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape. UNESCO.
[37]
Van der Hoeven, A. (2019). Historic Urban Landscapes on Social Media: The Contributions of Online Narrative Practices to Urban Heritage Conservation. City, Culture and Society, 17, 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2018.12.001
[38]
Van Manen, M. (1989). Pedagogical Text as Method: Phenomenological Research as Writing. Saybrook Review, 7, 23-45.
[39]
Zhang, R., & Taylor, K. (2020). Cultural Landscape Meanings. The Case of West Lake, Hangzhou, China. Landscape Research, 45, 164-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2019.1589438
[40]
Zhuang, T., Qian, Q. K., Visscher, H. J., Elsinga, M. G., & Wu, W. (2019). The Role of Stakeholders and Their Participation Network in Decision-Making of Urban Renewal in China: The Case of Chongqing. Cities, 92, 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.03.014
