海洋船舶污染责任法律问题探究
Exploration of Legal Issues of Pollution Liability of Marine Vessels

海洋船舶污染引起的环境损害成为危害海洋生态系统的重要因素。由于海洋船舶污染涉及国际法的解释和适用，对于海洋船舶污染的司法处理引起了相关的法律争议，亟需通过完善国内立法予以协调。通过分析国际公约及国内立法关于海洋船舶污染规则原则和赔偿范围的规定，文章提出三个方面的治理建议:在归责原则方面应明确污损害赔偿中的无过错责任和替代责任，并吸收特殊情况下的连带责任；在保障生态损害得到充分补偿方面，加强污染应急处置、修复并制定充分的修复计划；在污染防治方面，建立包含大气污染、噪声污染和固体废弃物污染等多种污染类型在内的污染防治体系。
Environmental damage caused by pollution by marine vessels has become an important factor in harming marine ecosystems. Since marine ship pollution involves the interpretation and application of international law, the judicial treatment of marine ship pollution has caused relevant legal disputes, and it is urgent to coordinate it through improved domestic legislation. By analyzing the provisions of international conventions and domestic legislation on the principles and scope of compensation for marine ship pollution rules, the article proposes governance suggestions in three aspects: In terms of the principle of attribution, no-fault liability and substitution liability in pollution damage compensation should be clarified, and joint and several liabilities in special circumstances should be absorbed; Strengthen emergency pollution disposal, restoration and adequate restoration plans in ensuring adequate compensation for ecological damage; In terms of pollution prevention and control, establish a pollution prevention and control system that includes various types of pollution, including air pollution, noise pollution and solid waste pollution.