排污许可中自行监测报告的证据效力探究
Research on the Evidence Effectiveness of Self-Monitoring Report in Pollutant Discharge Permit

我国日益重视排污许可证制度的实施。虽然法律明确规定了排污单位的自行监测主体责任，但是近年来各种调查与案例却给自行监测数据的质量打上了问号，突出表现为自行监测报告的证据效力问题。现以行政诉讼证据“三性”为切入点进行探究，发现在合法性方面，主要是自行监测报告的形式和取得程序的问题；在真实性方面，主要是社会现实条件、数据造假行为和监测操作不规范的问题；而关联性方面并非自行监测报告证据效力的主要问题。在发现问题后，从学理、制度、规则、社会现实条件四个层面深入分析了问题产生的原因。最后提出了完善自行监测报告的呈现形式、建立完善的环境监测资质管理体系、加强环境执法人员取证过程监管、加强企业信息公开、降低企业监测成本、增强监测人员技能培训等具体完善对策。
China pays more and more attention to the implementation of the pollutant discharge permit system. Although the law clearly stipulates the main responsibility of self-monitoring of pollutant discharge units, various investigations and cases in recent years have put a question mark on the quality of self-monitoring data, which is highlighted by the evidence validity of self-monitoring reports. Taking the “three natures” of administrative litigation evidence as the starting point, we find that in terms of legitimacy, it is mainly the form of self-monitoring reports and the procedures for obtaining them; in terms of authenticity, it is mainly social conditions, data fraud and monitoring the issue of non-standard practice; and the relevance aspect is not the main problem of self-monitoring reporting evidence power. After discovering the problem, the author analyzes the causes of the problem from four levels: theory, system, rules, and social reality. Finally, some specific countermeasures are put forward, such as improving the presentation form of self-monitoring reports, establishing a sound environmental monitoring qualification management system, strengthening the supervision of environmental law enforcement personnel in the process of ob-taining evidence, strengthening enterprise information disclosure, reducing enterprise monitoring costs, and enhancing monitoring personnel skill training.