2022年贵阳机场一次春季飑线天气诊断分析
Diagnosis and Analysis of a Squall Line Weather at Guiyang Airport in the Spring of 2022

本文利用地面和高空实况和多普勒雷达资料，对贵阳机场2022年4月24日飑线天气发生的天气形势、物理量条件以及雷达图像进行分析，得到以下结论：1) 贵阳机场这次飑线天气的影响系统主要是高空槽、西南涡东移，地面冷锋和辐合线南压，天气尺度强迫强，配合低空急流暖湿气流输送，中低层高温高湿极有利于强对流天气发生。2) 贵阳站上空，CAPE值、K指数、SI指数，假相当位温均较大，低层暖湿，中层干冷，层结不稳定度大，0℃层和？20℃层达到了冰雹出现的高度。3) 机场上空，在天气发生前中低层辐合，高层辐散，且有强的上升运动。4) 贵阳700 hPa以下水汽充沛，有水汽自南向北，自低空向高空输送，水汽条件极好。5) 雷达图像上，17:28时弓形回波形成。径向速度图像上，低层有径向速度大值区，低层径向速度辐散，中层辐合，高仰角有风暴顶辐散，表现出雷暴大风和冰雹的回波特征。
This paper uses ground and high-altitude live conditions and Doppler radar data to analyze the weather situation, physical quantity conditions and radar images of Guiyang airport on April 24, 2022, and obtains the following conclusions: 1) The influence system of Guiyang airport’s squall line weather is mainly high-altitude trough, southwest vortex eastward shift, ground cold front and radial line south pressure, strong weather scale forcing, with low-altitude rapids warm and humid air flow transport, high temperature humidity in the middle and low layers are very conducive to strong convective weather. 2) Above Guiyang Station, CAPE value, K index, SI index and θ se are larger, the low layer is warm and wet, the middle layer is dry and cold, the layer junction instability is large, and the 0？C layer and the ？20？C layer have reached the height of hail. 3) Above the airport, before the occurrence of the weather, the middle and low layers are converging, the high-rise is radiating, and there is a strong upward movement. 4) The water vapor is abundant in Guiyang below 700 hPa, there is water vapor from south to north, from low altitude to high altitude, the water vapor conditions are excellent. 5) On the radar image, a bow echo is formed at 17:28. In the radial velocity image, the low layer has a radial velocity large value area, the low radial velocity is radiating, the middle layer is converging, and the high elevation angle has a storm top radiation dispersion, the echo characteristics of thunderstorms and hail are showing.