国家监察体制改革下的行政保留
Administrative Reservation under the Re-form of the State Supervision System

国家监察体制改革通过整合原有行政监察以指向“监察全覆盖”的总目标。妨碍全覆盖效能的消极困境与要求全覆盖进步的积极因素，共同体现行政保留的必要性。在确认行政保留理论的宪制基础之上，明晰行政保留对于监察权的内涵因应，以彰显行政保留的可行性。必须肯定原行政监察的承继价值，校准行政保留的目标导向，确认执法监察、效能监察属于行政保留范畴，而廉政监察不属于行政保留范畴，进而升华对“人”监察较之对“事”监察、对“效”监察的地位，斧正“监察全覆盖”针对对象和事项二层次的核心要义，以勾勒行政保留的规范性。行政保留在于政令之必行，政治监察在于政令之廉洁，二者相辅相成，共同锚定监察体制改革的未来航向。
The reform of the national supervision system points to the overall goal of “full coverage of supervi-sion” by integrating the original administrative supervision. The negative dilemma that hinders the effectiveness of full coverage and the positive factors that require the progress of full coverage jointly reflect the necessity of administrative reservation. On the basis of clarifying the constitutional basis, the connotation of administrative reservations to the supervisory power should be clarified to demonstrate the feasibility of administrative reservations. It is necessary to affirm the inherited value of the original administrative supervision, calibrate the goal orientation of administrative reservation, and confirm that law enforcement supervision and efficiency supervision belong to the category of administrative reservation, while the supervision of clean government does not belong to the category of administrative reservation. Regarding the status of “effective” supervision, correct the core of “full coverage of supervision” aiming at the second level of objects and matters, in order to outline the normative nature of administrative reservations. The administrative reservation lies in the necessity of the decree, and political supervision lies in the integrity of the decree. These two complement each other and jointly point to the future course of the supervision system reform.