综合缺水量最小的水资源优化配置模型及应用
Optimal Water Resources Allocation Model of Minimum Comprehensive Water Shortage and Its Application

合理、高效地分配水资源成为水资源领域亟待解决的问题，水资源优化配置是解决该问题的重要手段，如何有效协调不同用水类别之间的竞争关系，并考虑用水需求和供水能力在时间尺度上的变化情况是难点。本文提出一种流域水资源配置的综合缺水量最小优化数学模型，即通过定义权重系数建立调度期综合缺水量最小目标函数，并在建立约束条件时建立水库自身蒸发渗漏损失以及退水流量的计算公式，最终联立目标函数与约束条件进行求解，其在南盘江流域的实际应用表明：1) 权重系数的设置有效协调了各种用水类别间的竞争关系，实现了水资源在用水配置上的最优分配，具有很强的适用性与应用价值。2) 供水条件时间变化特性会使得系统内出现结构性缺水，在水库蓄水期其影响较强。3) 受调度过程影响相同水库的年蒸发渗漏损失可能不同，且损失水量占比明显，不可忽略。
Rational and efficient allocation of water resources has become an urgent problem, and the optimal water resources allocation is an important means to solve this problem. How to effectively coordinate the competitive relationship between different water use categories and consider the changes of water demand and water supply capacity in time scale is the difficult point. This paper proposes an optimal water resources allocation model to minimize the comprehensive water shortage during the operation period. The weight coefficient, calculation formulas for the evaporation leakage loss, the return flow of the reservoir, and the constraint conditions are established. The application results in the Nanpanjiang River basin shows that: 1) The setting of weight coefficient effectively coordinates the competitive relationship among various water use categories, realizes the optimal allocation of water resources in water use allocation, and has strong applicability and application value. 2) The time-varying characteristics of water supply conditions will lead to structural water shortage in the system, which has a strong impact during the impounding period of the reservoir. 3) Affected by the operation process, the annual evaporation leakage loss of the same reservoir may be different, and the proportion of water loss is obvious, which cannot be ignored.