马克思关于人的本质思想及其当代价值——基于对《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的研究
Marx’s Thought on Human Nature and Its Contemporary Value —Based on the Study of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844

人的本质问题始终贯穿马克思思想发展的全过程，对人的本质问题的探析关系到对整个马克思主义哲学的理解。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》(以下简称《手稿》)是马克思哲学思想的重要著作，马克思关于人的本质的思想主要来源于黑格尔的精神哲学理论和费尔巴哈的人道主义思想。他在《手稿》中阐述了人的本质特性是实践性、人是有意识的类存在物、人的本质是自然和社会的统一。研究马克思关于人的本质思想，为我国的经济社会发展始终坚持以人民为中心，并重视人与自然的关系，在人与自然的和谐统一中构建社会主义和谐社会提供了思想基础和实践范式，对新时代推进中国特色社会主义、实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。
The problem of human nature runs through the whole process of the development of Marx’s thought, and the analysis of human nature is related to the understanding of the whole Marxist philosophy. Manuscripts of Economics and Philosophy in 1844 (hereinafter referred to as Manuscripts) is an important work of Marx’s philosophical thought. Marx’s thoughts on human nature mainly come from Hegel’s spiritual philosophy theory and Feuerbach’s humanitarian thought. In his Manuscript, he expounded that human nature is practical, human beings are conscious beings, and human nature is the unity of nature and society. Studying Marx’s thought on the essence of human beings has provided the ideological basis and practical paradigm for China’s economic and social development to always adhere to the people as the center, attach importance to the relationship between man and nature, and build a harmonious socialist society in the harmonious unity of man and nature. It has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and realizing the “two hundred years” struggle goal.