Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as pelvic pain during menstrual flow in
the absence of a pelvic pathology. It is one of the most common gynaecological
complaints worldwide and the most common cause of school and work absenteeism
among menstruating females. In adolescent students the impact includes reduced attention in class, inability to study at
home, school absenteeism among others. Yet these students have to study
at the same pace as their peers, raising the concern of whether the problems
caused by primary dysmenorrhea have an effect
on academic their academic performance. Aim:Determine the prevalence, treatment practices and impact of primary dysmenorrhea
on the studies of post-pubertal high school students in Bafoussam. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study design using a
two-stage sampling method; the first stage was by convenience to choose the
school, and the second stage was consecutive to recruit the students. Data was collected using a semi-structured
pretested self-report and anonymous questionnaire. Analysis was done
using software IBM?SPSS statistics
version 23 for windows. Categorical variables were summarised in to frequencies and percentages while the comparison of categorical variables was
done using a Chi-square test, and a p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: our
sample size was 898 and the mean age of our respondents
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Tangchai, K., Titapant, V. and Boriboonhirunsarn, D. (2004) Dysmenorrhea in Thai Adolescents: Prevalence, Impact and Knowledge of Treatment. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 87, S69-S73.
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Eryilmaz, G., Ozdemir, F. and Pasinlioglu, T. (2010) Dysmenorrhea Prevalence among Adolescents in Eastern Turkey: Its Effects on School Performance and Relationships with Family and Friends. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 23, 267-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2010.02.009
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Iliyasu, Z., Galadanci, H.S., Abubakar, I.S., Ismail, A.O. and Aliyu, M.H. (2012) Menstrual Patterns and Gynecologic Morbidity among University Students in Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 25, 401-406.
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Osuga, Y., Hayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Tokyokawa, S., Momoeda, M., Koga, K., et al. (2005) Dysmenorrhea in Japanese Women. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 88, 82-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.09.004
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Banikarim, C., Chacko, M.R. and Kelder, S.H. (2000) Prevalence and Impact of Dysmenorrhea on Hispanic Female Adolescents. The Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154, 1226-1229. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.154.12.1226
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Nwozichi, C., Ojediran, T., Ojewole, F., Farotimi, A. and Esike, J. (2015) Knowledge, Attitude, and Healthcare-Seeking Behavior towards Dysmenorrhea among Female Students of a Private University in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences, 4, 33-38. https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-960X.153524
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El-Gilany, A.-H., Badawi, K. and El-Fedawy, S. (2005) Epidemiology of Dysmenorrhoea among Adolescent Students in Mansoura, Egypt. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 11, 155-163.
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Ogunfowokan, A.A. and Babatunde, O.A. (2010) Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea by School Adolescents in ILE-IFE, Nigeria. The Journal of School Nursing, 26, 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840509349723
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Aziato, L., Dedey, F. and Clegg-Lamptey, J.N.A. (2015) Dysmenorrhea Management and Coping among Students in Ghana: A Qualitative Exploration. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 28, 163-169.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2014.07.002
[19]
Baghianimoghadam, M.H. and Alavijeh, M.M. (2012) A Survey about the Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea in Female Students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Their Knowledge, and Practice toward It. Journal of Health Research, 1, 26-31.
[20]
Loto, O.M., Adewumi, T.A. and Adewuya, A.O. (2008) Prevalence and Correlates of Dysmenorrhea among Nigerian College Women. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 48, 442-444.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828X.2008.00869.x
[21]
Nwankwo, T.O., Aniebue, U.U. and Aniebue, P.N. (2010) Menstrual Disorders in Adolescent School Girls in Enugu, Nigeria. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 23, 358-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2010.04.001
[22]
Pasquet, P., Manguelle-Dicoum Biyong, A., Rikong-Adie, H., Befidi-Mengue, R., Garba, M.-T. and Froment, A. (1999) Age at Menarche and Urbanization in Cameroon: Current Status and Secular Trends. Annals of Human Biology, 26, 89-97.
https://doi.org/10.1080/030144699283001
[23]
Nesreen, A.A.S., Ahmed, E.A., Hamada, A., Abd El, W., Ashraf, S.F. and Gaber, K.H. (2018) Epidemiology of Dysmenorrhea among University Students in Egypt. International Journal of Women’s Health and Wellness, 4, Article No. 73.
https://tinyurl.com/yxnkrxf4
https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510073
[24]
Alam, S., Hakimi, H., Sembiring, T., Deliana, M. and Lubis, S. (2011) School Performance in Pubertal Adolescents with Dysmenorrhea. Paediatrica Indonesiana, 51, 213-216. https://doi.org/10.14238/pi51.4.2011.213-6
[25]
Okoro, R.N., Malgwi, H., Pharm, B. and Okoro, G.O. (2013) Evaluation of Factors that Increase the Severity of Dysmenorrhoea among University Female Students in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 11, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.46743/1540-580X/2013.1458
[26]
Mirza, S., Naaz, S.A. and Alim, S.M. (2016) Management of Primary Dysmenorrhoea by Dry Cupping: A Review. Advanced Journal of Pharmacie and Life Science Research, 1, 1-5.
[27]
Wallace, S., Keightley, A. and Gie, C. (2010) Review Dysmenorrhoea. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, 12, 149-154. https://doi.org/10.1576/toag.12.3.149.27596
[28]
Derseh, B.T., Afessa, N., Temesgen, M., Semayat, Y.W., Kassaye, M., Sieru, S., et al. (2017) Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and Its Effects on School Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Women’s Health Care, 6, 361.
[29]
Smith, R.P. and Kaunitz, A.M. (2018) Primary Dysmenorrhea in Adult Women Clinical Features and Diagnosis. UpToDate, Waltham. https://tinyurl.com/y7kcuppa
[30]
Dawood, M.Y. (2006) Primary Dysmenorrhea: Advances in Pathogenesis and Management. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 108, 428-441.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000230214.26638.0c
[31]
Ameade, E.P.K., Amalba, A. and Mohammed, B.S. (2018) Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea among University Students in Northern Ghana; Its Impact and Management Strategies. BMC Women’s Health, 18, Article No. 39.
https://tinyurl.com/y4a7u9n6
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0532-1
[32]
Titilayo, A., Agunbiade, O.M., Banjo, O. and Lawani, A. (2010) Menstrual Discomfort and Its Influence on Daily Academic Activities and Psychosocial Relationship among Undergraduate Female Students in Nigeria. Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 11, 181-188. http://www.ajol.info/index.php/thrb/article/view/50173
https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v11i4.50173
[33]
Parker, M., Sneddon, A. and Arbon, P. (2010) The Menstrual Disorder of Teenagers (MDOT) Study: Determining Typical Menstrual Patterns and Menstrual Disturbance in a Large Population-Based Study of Australian Teenagers: The MDOT Study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 117, 185-192.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02407.x
[34]
Fernández-Martínez, E., et al. (2018) Lifestyle and Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea among Spanish Female University Students. PLOS ONE, 13, e0201894.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201894
[35]
Tangchai, K., Titapant, V. and Boriboonhirunsarn, D. (2004) Dysmenorrhea in Thai Adolescents: Prevalence, Impact and Knowledge of Treatment. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 87, S69-S73.
[36]
Eryilmaz, G., Ozdemir, F. and Pasinlioglu, T. (2010) Dysmenorrhea Prevalence among Adolescents in Eastern Turkey: Its Effects on School Performance and Relationships with Family and Friends. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 23, 267-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2010.02.009
[37]
Iliyasu, Z., Galadanci, H.S., Abubakar, I.S., Ismail, A.O. and Aliyu, M.H. (2012) Menstrual Patterns and Gynecologic Morbidity among University Students in Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 25, 401-406.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2012.08.006
[38]
Gumanga, S.K. and Kwame-Aryee, R.A. (2012) Menstrual Characteristics in Some Adolescent Girls in Accra, Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal, 46, 3-7..
[39]
Shehata, N.A.A., Arafa, A.E., El Wahed, H.A.A., Fahim, A.S. and Hussein, G.K. (2018) Epidemiology of Dysmenorrhea among University Students in Egypt. International Journal of Women’s Health and Wellness, 4, 73.
https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510073
[40]
Osuga, Y., Hayashi, K., Kobayashi, Y., Tokyokawa, S., Momoeda, M., Koga, K., et al. (2005) Dysmenorrhea in Japanese Women. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 88, 82-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.09.004
[41]
Sjöberg, N.-O. (1979) Dysmenorrhea and Uterine Neurotransmitters. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 58, 57-59.
https://doi.org/10.3109/00016347909157791
[42]
Banikarim, C., Chacko, M.R. and Kelder, S.H. (2000) Prevalence and Impact of Dysmenorrhea on Hispanic Female Adolescents. The Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154, 1226-1229. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.154.12.1226
[43]
Nwozichi, C., Ojediran, T., Ojewole, F., Farotimi, A. and Esike, J. (2015) Knowledge, Attitude, and Healthcare-Seeking Behavior towards Dysmenorrhea among Female Students of a Private University in Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences, 4, 33-38. https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-960X.153524
[44]
El-Gilany, A.-H., Badawi, K. and El-Fedawy, S. (2005) Epidemiology of Dysmenorrhoea among Adolescent Students in Mansoura, Egypt. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 11, 155-163.
[45]
Ogunfowokan, A.A. and Babatunde, O.A. (2010) Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea by School Adolescents in ILE-IFE, Nigeria. The Journal of School Nursing, 26, 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840509349723
[46]
Aziato, L., Dedey, F. and Clegg-Lamptey, J.N.A. (2015) Dysmenorrhea Management and Coping among Students in Ghana: A Qualitative Exploration. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 28, 163-169.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2014.07.002
[47]
Baghianimoghadam, M.H. and Alavijeh, M.M. (2012) A Survey about the Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea in Female Students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Their Knowledge, and Practice toward It. Journal of Health Research, 1, 26-31.
[48]
Loto, O.M., Adewumi, T.A. and Adewuya, A.O. (2008) Prevalence and Correlates of Dysmenorrhea among Nigerian College Women. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 48, 442-444.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828X.2008.00869.x
[49]
Nwankwo, T.O., Aniebue, U.U. and Aniebue, P.N. (2010) Menstrual Disorders in Adolescent School Girls in Enugu, Nigeria. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 23, 358-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2010.04.001
[50]
Pasquet, P., Manguelle-Dicoum Biyong, A., Rikong-Adie, H., Befidi-Mengue, R., Garba, M.-T. and Froment, A. (1999) Age at Menarche and Urbanization in Cameroon: Current Status and Secular Trends. Annals of Human Biology, 26, 89-97.
https://doi.org/10.1080/030144699283001
[51]
Nesreen, A.A.S., Ahmed, E.A., Hamada, A., Abd El, W., Ashraf, S.F. and Gaber, K.H. (2018) Epidemiology of Dysmenorrhea among University Students in Egypt. International Journal of Women’s Health and Wellness, 4, Article No. 73.
https://tinyurl.com/yxnkrxf4
https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-1353/1510073
[52]
Alam, S., Hakimi, H., Sembiring, T., Deliana, M. and Lubis, S. (2011) School Performance in Pubertal Adolescents with Dysmenorrhea. Paediatrica Indonesiana, 51, 213-216. https://doi.org/10.14238/pi51.4.2011.213-6
[53]
Okoro, R.N., Malgwi, H., Pharm, B. and Okoro, G.O. (2013) Evaluation of Factors that Increase the Severity of Dysmenorrhoea among University Female Students in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 11, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.46743/1540-580X/2013.1458
[54]
Mirza, S., Naaz, S.A. and Alim, S.M. (2016) Management of Primary Dysmenorrhoea by Dry Cupping: A Review. Advanced Journal of Pharmacie and Life Science Research, 1, 1-5.
[55]
Wallace, S., Keightley, A. and Gie, C. (2010) Review Dysmenorrhoea. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, 12, 149-154. https://doi.org/10.1576/toag.12.3.149.27596
[56]
Derseh, B.T., Afessa, N., Temesgen, M., Semayat, Y.W., Kassaye, M., Sieru, S., et al. (2017) Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and Its Effects on School Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Women’s Health Care, 6, 361.
