Background: Surgical haematuria is not very common but ominous when it occurs. Knowledge of the causes will help in the adequate management of the disease. Aim: To evaluate the causes of surgical haematuria in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Materials and Method: This is 10 years retrospective study of patients who presented at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and 4 other private urology centres in Port Harcourt with haematuria of surgical aetiology between January 2012 and December 2021. Their history, examination findings and investigations were evaluated. Patients with medical haematuria and incomplete records were excluded from the study. Results: Three hundred and forty-six patients were evaluated. The mean age was 58.12 ± 5.1. Two hundred and sixty-four (76.3%) were men and eighty-two (23.7%) were females. The three commonest causes of haematuria were Benign prostatic enlargement, prostate cancer and urolithiasis with a frequency of 126 (36.41%), 66 (19.08%) and 40 (11.56%) respectively. The cause of haematuria was benign in 232 (67.06%) subjects and malignant in 114 (32.94%). Conclusion: The commonest causes of haematuria are of prostatic origin, mainly benign although malignancy is a significant cause.
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