Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic
factors and assess treatment of placental abruption in the
obstetrics gynecology department of the Dakar Principal Hospital. Patients and
Method: We carried out a retrospective observational study of 130 successive
cases of placental abruption, which occurred from January 2015 to December 2017
at the Level 3 Maternity Unit of the Dakar Principal Hospital. Data were
collected from non-computerized obstetric
records and analyzed using Excel and Epi info software. Results: There
were 130 cases of placental abruption, that is a prevalence of 1.5%. The
average age of onset of placental abruption was 30 years. The history of
hypertension concerned 32.3% of patients, the average gestational age of 32.5
weeks at the time of diagnosis, grade 3 of Sher was found in 48.5% of cases. The outcome of the
pregnancy was a caesarean section in 79.2% of cases, the average weight of
newborns was 2058 g. The management of the complications
required a blood transfusion and intensive care. A haemostasis hysterectomy
was performed in 6.2% of cases. Stillbirth rate was 53.7% and maternal
mortality was zero. Discussion and Conclusion: Placental abruption, a severe
complication of pregnancy, is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality linked to the severity of the
clinical picture, despite an improved maternal prognosis.
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