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围手术期患者营养评估现状及展望
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Abstract:
外科住院患者中存在营养不良的可能性较高，其中恶性肿瘤的围手术期产生的营养物质的消耗更为明显，因此对外科住院患者进行营养风险筛查从而给与及时且有效的营养支持及干预有着重要的意义。目前临床上使用的成年人营养风险筛查工具主要包括：2002年住院病人营养风险筛查(NRS2002)、营养不良通用筛查工具(MUST)、迷你营养评估(MNA)、营养风险指数(NRI)、患者主观整体评估(SGA)等。各种营养筛查工具在使用过程中各有利弊，需要临床工作者进一步研究以寻找一个简单、高效、直接且可靠的筛查工具，进而指导临床中的营养支持。文章综述近年来各种主要的营养风险筛查工具的应用情况。
There is a high possibility of malnutrition in surgical inpatients, especially in the perioperative pe-riod of malignant tumors. Therefore, it is of great significance to screen the nutritional risk of surgi-cal inpatients and provide timely and effective nutritional support and intervention. Currently, the adult nutritional risk screening tools used in clinic mainly include: 2002 inpatient nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002), universal malnutrition screening tool (MUST), mini nutritional assessment (MNA), nutritional risk index (NRI), patient subjective overall assessment (SGA), etc. Various nutri-tion screening tools have their own advantages and disadvantages in the process of use. Clinical workers need to further study to find a simple, efficient, direct and reliable screening tool to guide clinical nutrition support. This article reviews the application of various major nutritional risk screening tools in recent years.
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