空巢老人社会支持、生活满意度与群体差异——基于需求层次理论视角的实证分析
Social Support, Life Satisfaction and Group Differences of Empty-Nesters—Empirical Analysis Based on Hierarchy of Needs Theory

以2018年的CHARLS数据为依据，建立二元Logistic模型，运用stata软件对数据进行处理，从需求层次理论出发，结合空巢老人的实际状况，研究社会支持对空巢老人生活满意度的影响，分析城乡、性别、年龄不同的空巢老人群体生活满意度的差异。研究结果表明：正式和非正式社会支持均能对空巢老人的生活满意度有显著的提升作用；子女的经济支持、养老服务和保险对低龄、农村空巢老人生活满意度的促进效果更好，而医疗保险与服务、子女的情感支持更能提升中高龄、城市空巢老人的生活满意度。这一结果与空巢老人需求层次的满足紧密关联，因此根据需求层次的满足提出相应的政策建议。
Based on the 2018 CHARLS data, a binary logistic model was established, and the data were pro-cessed using stata software. From the hierarchy of needs theory, the impact of social support on the life satisfaction of empty nesters was studied in the light of the actual situation of empty nesters, and the differences in life satisfaction between urban and rural, gender and age groups of empty nesters were analysed. The results of the study show that both formal and informal social support can significantly enhance the life satisfaction of empty nesters; financial support from children, el-derly services and insurance are more effective in promoting life satisfaction among the lower-aged, rural empty nesters, while medical insurance and services and emotional support from children are more effective in enhancing the life satisfaction of the middle-aged and upper-aged, urban empty nesters. This result is closely related to the satisfaction of the levels of needs of the empty nesters, and therefore corresponding policy recommendations are made according to the satisfaction of the levels of needs.