骨组织工程应用中基于壳聚糖水凝胶的研究进展
Research Progress of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

DOI: 10.12677/BP.2022.122014, PP. 124-130

Keywords: 细胞外基质，水凝胶，壳聚糖，骨组织工程
Extracellular Matrix, Hydrogel, Chitosan, Bone Tissue Engineering

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Abstract:

人体骨组织中包含各种细胞、蛋白和细胞外基质，其中细胞外基质是由各种生物大分子相互交联而成的聚合网状结构。水凝胶指由聚合物或者胶体分子紧密交联从而形成的三维网状结构，是具有较高吸水能力、亲水性能的聚合材料，水凝胶的结构与细胞外基质高度相似而被广泛应用于生物医学领域。近年来，已经在诱导血管生成、软骨组织重建和人工合成骨材料移植等方面取得了重大进展。壳聚糖作为一种由甲壳素经过脱乙酰化生成的聚合物分子，是自然界中唯一存在的具有聚阳离子的弱碱性多糖。壳聚糖水凝胶材料在骨组织工程的应用中受到了广泛关注，因为它具有良好的抗菌性、生物相容性、生物降解性，并且能够作为小分子药物的载体，对目标区域起到缓释作用。在最近的研究中，通过引入其他分子或对天然壳聚糖改性从而构建温度响应、光响应和pH响应壳聚糖水凝胶。本文综述了骨组织工程应用中不同类型的壳聚糖水凝胶材料。
Human bone tissue contains various cells, proteins and extracellular matrix, wherein the extracellular matrix is a polymeric network structure formed by cross-linking of various biological macromolecules. Hydrogel refers to a three-dimensional network structure formed by the close cross-linking of polymers or colloidal molecules. It is a polymeric material with high water absorption and hydrophilic properties. The structure of hydrogel is highly similar to the extracellular matrix and is widely used in the field of biomedicine. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the induction of angiogenesis, cartilage tissue reconstruction, and implantation of synthetic bone materials. Chitosan, as a polymer molecule produced by deacetylation of chitin, is the only weakly basic polysaccharide with polycation in nature. Chitosan hydrogel materials have received extensive attention in the application of bone tissue engineering because of their good antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. It can be used as a carrier of small molecule drugs and has a slow release effect on the target area. In recent studies, temperature-responsive, light-responsive and pH-responsive chitosan hydrogels were constructed by introducing other molecules or modifying natural chitosan. This article reviews different types of chitosan hydrogel materials for bone tissue engineering applications.

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