鲨源单域抗体的特点及研究进展
Characteristics and Research Progress of Single Domain Antibody from Shark

DOI: 10.12677/BP.2022.122015, PP. 131-137

Keywords: 鲨鱼，单域抗体，IgNAR，VNAR

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Abstract:

抗体从发现至今一直都是热门研究领域，自免疫检查点机制被发现后，关于能够阻断关键通路的抗体的研究更是呈现爆发性增长。随着研究的深入，单抗因其分子量偏大，穿透性差而影响了其在临床上的广泛应用，故研发一类分子量更小、穿透力更强的抗体进行靶向治疗成为抗体研发领域的重要热点。鲨鱼等软骨鱼类产生的IgNAR抗体是一种仅有重链的抗体，其可变区VNAR是目前已知的最小的完整抗原结合单位，是极具潜力能够取代传统单抗的新型抗体药物。本文对了鲨源单域抗体的特点以及各种突出于常规抗体的优势以及筛选方法进行了综述，并对鲨源单域抗体的未来前景进行了展望。
Antibodies have always been a hot research field since their discovery. After the discovery of the autoimmune checkpoint mechanism, the research on the key molecule antibodies has shown explosive growth. With the development of research, single domain antibodies have been widely used in clinical practice due to their large molecular weight and poor penetration. Therefore, developing a class of antibodies with smaller molecular weight and stronger penetration for targeted therapy has become an important focus in the field of antibody research and development. The IgNAR produced by cartilaginous fish such as shark is a heavy chain only antibody, and its variable region VNAR is the smallest complete antigen-binding unit known so far. It is a new type of antibody-drug with great potential to replace traditional single domain antibodies. In this paper, the characteristics, advantages and screening methods of shark-derived single domain antibodies are reviewed, and the future prospects of shark-derived single domain antibodies are prospected.

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